IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i11p2885-d1668756.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Lightweight Load Identification Model Update Method Based on Channel Attention

Author

Listed:
  • Yong Gao

    (Electric Power Research Institute Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550000, China)

  • Junwei Zhang

    (Electric Power Research Institute Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550000, China)

  • Mian Wang

    (Electric Power Research Institute Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550000, China)

  • Zhukui Tan

    (Electric Power Research Institute Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550000, China)

  • Minhang Liang

    (School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

Abstract

With the development of smart grids and home energy management systems, accurate load identification has become an important part of improving energy efficiency and ensuring electrical safety. However, traditional load identification methods struggle with high computational overhead and long model update times, which hinder real-time performance. In this study, a load identification method based on the channel attention mechanism is proposed for the lightweight model update problem in the electrical load identification task. To overcome this challenge, we construct color V-I trajectory maps by extracting the voltage and current signals of electrical devices during steady-state operation, and combine the convolutional neural network and channel attention mechanism for feature extraction and classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score compared with traditional methods on the public dataset, and tests on real hardware platforms verify its efficiency and robustness. This suggests that the lightweight model update method based on the channel attention mechanism holds great promise for smart grid applications, particularly in real-time systems with limited computational resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Yong Gao & Junwei Zhang & Mian Wang & Zhukui Tan & Minhang Liang, 2025. "A Lightweight Load Identification Model Update Method Based on Channel Attention," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-20, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2885-:d:1668756
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2885/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2885/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Antonio Ruano & Alvaro Hernandez & Jesus Ureña & Maria Ruano & Juan Garcia, 2019. "NILM Techniques for Intelligent Home Energy Management and Ambient Assisted Living: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-29, June.
    2. Liu, Yu & Liu, Wei & Shen, Yiwen & Zhao, Xin & Gao, Shan, 2021. "Toward smart energy user: Real time non-intrusive load monitoring with simultaneous switching operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    3. Insu Kim & Beopsoo Kim & Denis Sidorov, 2022. "Machine Learning for Energy Systems Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-8, June.
    4. Rosario Miceli, 2013. "Energy Management and Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-29, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. İsmail Hakkı Çavdar & Vahit Feryad, 2021. "Efficient Design of Energy Disaggregation Model with BERT-NILM Trained by AdaX Optimization Method for Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Pesantez, Jorge E. & Li, Binbin & Lee, Christopher & Zhao, Zhizhen & Butala, Mark & Stillwell, Ashlynn S., 2023. "A Comparison Study of Predictive Models for Electricity Demand in a Diverse Urban Environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    3. Cristina Puente & Rafael Palacios & Yolanda González-Arechavala & Eugenio Francisco Sánchez-Úbeda, 2020. "Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) for Energy Disaggregation Using Soft Computing Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Kai Xu & Youguang Guo & Gang Lei & Jianguo Zhu, 2023. "A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-32, September.
    5. Yin, Linfei & Wang, Nannan & Li, Jishen, 2025. "Electricity terminal multi-label recognition with a “one-versus-all” rejection recognition algorithm based on adaptive distillation increment learning and attention MobileNetV2 network for non-invasiv," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 382(C).
    6. Lefeng Cheng & Zhiyi Zhang & Haorong Jiang & Tao Yu & Wenrui Wang & Weifeng Xu & Jinxiu Hua, 2018. "Local Energy Management and Optimization: A Novel Energy Universal Service Bus System Based on Energy Internet Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-38, May.
    7. Hernandez-Matheus, Alejandro & Löschenbrand, Markus & Berg, Kjersti & Fuchs, Ida & Aragüés-Peñalba, Mònica & Bullich-Massagué, Eduard & Sumper, Andreas, 2022. "A systematic review of machine learning techniques related to local energy communities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    8. Veronica Piccialli & Antonio M. Sudoso, 2021. "Improving Non-Intrusive Load Disaggregation through an Attention-Based Deep Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, February.
    9. Everton Luiz de Aguiar & André Eugenio Lazzaretti & Bruna Machado Mulinari & Daniel Rodrigues Pipa, 2021. "Scattering Transform for Classification in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    10. Gengsheng He & Yu Huang & Ying Zhang & Yuanzhe Zhu & Yuan Leng & Nan Shang & Jincan Zeng & Zengxin Pu, 2025. "Hybrid Transformer–Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Non-Intrusive Load Analysis in Industrial Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-17, May.
    11. Yichao Xie & Bowen Zhou & Zhenyu Wang & Bo Yang & Liaoyi Ning & Yanhui Zhang, 2023. "Industrial Carbon Footprint (ICF) Calculation Approach Based on Bayesian Cross-Validation Improved Cyclic Stacking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-35, September.
    12. Çimen, Halil & Bazmohammadi, Najmeh & Lashab, Abderezak & Terriche, Yacine & Vasquez, Juan C. & Guerrero, Josep M., 2022. "An online energy management system for AC/DC residential microgrids supported by non-intrusive load monitoring," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    13. Aniela Kaminska & Andrzej Ożadowicz, 2018. "Lighting Control Including Daylight and Energy Efficiency Improvements Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    14. Yang, Chao & Liang, Gaoqi & Liu, Jinjie & Liu, Guolong & Yang, Hongming & Zhao, Junhua & Dong, Zhaoyang, 2023. "A non-intrusive carbon emission accounting method for industrial corporations from the perspective of modern power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    15. Damilola A. Asaleye & Michael Breen & Michael D. Murphy, 2017. "A Decision Support Tool for Building Integrated Renewable Energy Microgrids Connected to a Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-29, November.
    16. Inoussa Laouali & Isaías Gomes & Maria da Graça Ruano & Saad Dosse Bennani & Hakim El Fadili & Antonio Ruano, 2022. "Energy Disaggregation Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Designed Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-29, November.
    17. Xi He & Heng Dong & Wanli Yang & Jun Hong, 2022. "A Novel Denoising Auto-Encoder-Based Approach for Non-Intrusive Residential Load Monitoring," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.
    18. Xiao-Yu Zhang & Stefanie Kuenzel & José-Rodrigo Córdoba-Pachón & Chris Watkins, 2020. "Privacy-Functionality Trade-Off: A Privacy-Preserving Multi-Channel Smart Metering System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-30, June.
    19. Hari Prasad Devarapalli & Venkata Samba Sesha Siva Sarma Dhanikonda & Sitarama Brahmam Gunturi, 2021. "Demand-Side Management for Improvement of the Power Quality in Smart Homes Using Non-Intrusive Identification of Appliance Usage Patterns with the True Power Factor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    20. Netzah Calamaro & Moshe Donko & Doron Shmilovitz, 2021. "A Highly Accurate NILM: With an Electro-Spectral Space That Best Fits Algorithm’s National Deployment Requirements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-37, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2885-:d:1668756. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.