Assessing the Implications of Integrating Small Modular Reactors in Modern Power Systems

This paper investigates the long-term impact of integrating emerging Small Modular Reactors (SMR) in modern power systems. A chronological simulation of the Greek day-ahead market and real-time balancing market with fine time granularity is conducted for a future 20-year period (2032–2051) under four SMR penetration scenarios using a specialized integrated market simulation software. Simulation results indicate that SMR units can be regarded as a promising electricity generation solution in the forthcoming energy transition landscape. The introduction of up to 3 GW of SMR capacity is projected to significantly decrease reliance on gas imports by up to 62%, reduce carbon emissions by up to 52%, and lower overall electricity costs for end-consumers by up to 21% as compared to a baseline scenario without SMRs. It is anticipated that SMR units are expected to leverage their operating advantages and generally achieve positive financial results when participating directly in the wholesale market. However, their economic viability is highly dependent on their initial capital expenditure and other operating cost components, which at present are highly uncertain.