IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i9p1996-d1381026.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Wind-Speed Multi-Step Forecasting Based on Variational Mode Decomposition, Temporal Convolutional Network, and Transformer Model

Author

Listed:
  • Shengcai Zhang

    (School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
    School of Cyber Security, Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Changsheng Zhu

    (School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China)

  • Xiuting Guo

    (School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China)

Abstract

Reliable and accurate wind-speed forecasts significantly impact the efficiency of wind power utilization and the safety of power systems. In addressing the performance enhancement of transformer models in short-term wind-speed forecasting, a multi-step prediction model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), temporal convolutional network (TCN), and a transformer is proposed. Initially, the Dung Beetle Optimizer (DBO) is utilized to optimize VMD for decomposing non-stationary wind-speed series data. Subsequently, the TCN is used to extract features from the input sequences. Finally, the processed data are fed into the transformer model for prediction. The effectiveness of this model is validated by comparison with six other prediction models across three datasets, demonstrating its superior accuracy in short-term wind-speed forecasting. Experimental findings from three distinct datasets reveal that the developed model achieves an average improvement of 52.1% for R 2 . To the best of our knowledge, this places our model at the leading edge of wind-speed prediction for 8 h and 12 h forecasts, demonstrating MSEs of 1.003 and 0.895, MAEs of 0.754 and 0.665, and RMSEs of 1.001 and 0.946, respectively. Therefore, this research offers significant contributions through a new framework and demonstrates the utility of the transformer in effectively predicting short-term wind speed.

Suggested Citation

  • Shengcai Zhang & Changsheng Zhu & Xiuting Guo, 2024. "Wind-Speed Multi-Step Forecasting Based on Variational Mode Decomposition, Temporal Convolutional Network, and Transformer Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:9:p:1996-:d:1381026
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/9/1996/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/9/1996/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lv, Sheng-Xiang & Wang, Lin, 2023. "Multivariate wind speed forecasting based on multi-objective feature selection approach and hybrid deep learning model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    2. Heng, Jiani & Hong, Yongmiao & Hu, Jianming & Wang, Shouyang, 2022. "Probabilistic and deterministic wind speed forecasting based on non-parametric approaches and wind characteristics information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PA).
    3. Wang, Yun & Xu, Houhua & Song, Mengmeng & Zhang, Fan & Li, Yifen & Zhou, Shengchao & Zhang, Lingjun, 2023. "A convolutional Transformer-based truncated Gaussian density network with data denoising for wind speed forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    4. Song, Jingjing & Wang, Jianzhou & Lu, Haiyan, 2018. "A novel combined model based on advanced optimization algorithm for short-term wind speed forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 643-658.
    5. Wu, Binrong & Wang, Lin & Zeng, Yu-Rong, 2022. "Interpretable wind speed prediction with multivariate time series and temporal fusion transformers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    6. Wang, H.Z. & Wang, G.B. & Li, G.Q. & Peng, J.C. & Liu, Y.T., 2016. "Deep belief network based deterministic and probabilistic wind speed forecasting approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 80-93.
    7. K. R. Sri Preethaa & Akila Muthuramalingam & Yuvaraj Natarajan & Gitanjali Wadhwa & Ahmed Abdi Yusuf Ali, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review on Machine Learning Techniques for Forecasting Wind Flow Pattern," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-22, August.
    8. Liu, Hui & Chen, Chao, 2019. "Data processing strategies in wind energy forecasting models and applications: A comprehensive review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 392-408.
    9. Bommidi, Bala Saibabu & Teeparthi, Kiran & Kosana, Vishalteja, 2023. "Hybrid wind speed forecasting using ICEEMDAN and transformer model with novel loss function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    10. Ye, Lin & Li, Yilin & Pei, Ming & Zhao, Yongning & Li, Zhuo & Lu, Peng, 2022. "A novel integrated method for short-term wind power forecasting based on fluctuation clustering and history matching," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Du, Pei & Yang, Dongchuan & Li, Yanzhao & Wang, Jianzhou, 2024. "An innovative interpretable combined learning model for wind speed forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    2. Zhang, Guowei & Zhang, Yi & Wang, Hui & Liu, Da & Cheng, Runkun & Yang, Di, 2024. "Short-term wind speed forecasting based on adaptive secondary decomposition and robust temporal convolutional network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    3. Jiang, Wenjun & Liu, Bo & Liang, Yang & Gao, Huanxiang & Lin, Pengfei & Zhang, Dongqin & Hu, Gang, 2024. "Applicability analysis of transformer to wind speed forecasting by a novel deep learning framework with multiple atmospheric variables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    4. Wu, Binrong & Wang, Lin, 2024. "Two-stage decomposition and temporal fusion transformers for interpretable wind speed forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    5. Wang, Yun & Xu, Houhua & Song, Mengmeng & Zhang, Fan & Li, Yifen & Zhou, Shengchao & Zhang, Lingjun, 2023. "A convolutional Transformer-based truncated Gaussian density network with data denoising for wind speed forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    6. Wang, Yun & Zou, Runmin & Liu, Fang & Zhang, Lingjun & Liu, Qianyi, 2021. "A review of wind speed and wind power forecasting with deep neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    7. Lv, Sheng-Xiang & Wang, Lin, 2023. "Multivariate wind speed forecasting based on multi-objective feature selection approach and hybrid deep learning model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    8. Liu, Hui & Yu, Chengqing & Wu, Haiping & Duan, Zhu & Yan, Guangxi, 2020. "A new hybrid ensemble deep reinforcement learning model for wind speed short term forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    9. Liu, Hui & Chen, Chao, 2019. "Multi-objective data-ensemble wind speed forecasting model with stacked sparse autoencoder and adaptive decomposition-based error correction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    10. Liu, Xingdou & Zhang, Li & Wang, Jiangong & Zhou, Yue & Gan, Wei, 2023. "A unified multi-step wind speed forecasting framework based on numerical weather prediction grids and wind farm monitoring data," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 948-963.
    11. Mojtaba Qolipour & Ali Mostafaeipour & Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad & Hamid R Arabnia, 2019. "Prediction of wind speed using a new Grey-extreme learning machine hybrid algorithm: A case study," Energy & Environment, , vol. 30(1), pages 44-62, February.
    12. Lee, Yoonjae & Ha, Byeongmin & Hwangbo, Soonho, 2022. "Generative model-based hybrid forecasting model for renewable electricity supply using long short-term memory networks: A case study of South Korea's energy transition policy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 69-87.
    13. Wang, Jujie & Li, Yaning, 2018. "Multi-step ahead wind speed prediction based on optimal feature extraction, long short term memory neural network and error correction strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 429-443.
    14. Wang, Jianzhou & Wang, Shuai & Zeng, Bo & Lu, Haiyan, 2022. "A novel ensemble probabilistic forecasting system for uncertainty in wind speed," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    15. Zhang, Shuai & Chen, Yong & Xiao, Jiuhong & Zhang, Wenyu & Feng, Ruijun, 2021. "Hybrid wind speed forecasting model based on multivariate data secondary decomposition approach and deep learning algorithm with attention mechanism," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 688-704.
    16. Wuyue An & Lin Wang & Dongfeng Zhang, 2023. "Comprehensive commodity price forecasting framework using text mining methods," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(7), pages 1865-1888, November.
    17. Ming Pang & Lei Zhang & Yajun Zhang & Ao Zhou & Jianming Dou & Zhepeng Deng, 2022. "Ultra-Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Using the Hybrid Model of Subseries Reconstruction and Broad Learning System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, June.
    18. Lu, Peng & Ye, Lin & Zhao, Yongning & Dai, Binhua & Pei, Ming & Tang, Yong, 2021. "Review of meta-heuristic algorithms for wind power prediction: Methodologies, applications and challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    19. Lv, Sheng-Xiang & Wang, Lin, 2022. "Deep learning combined wind speed forecasting with hybrid time series decomposition and multi-objective parameter optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    20. Qian, Zheng & Pei, Yan & Zareipour, Hamidreza & Chen, Niya, 2019. "A review and discussion of decomposition-based hybrid models for wind energy forecasting applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 939-953.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:9:p:1996-:d:1381026. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.