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Opportunities and Challenges of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Integration

Author

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  • Tingke Fang

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA)

  • Annette von Jouanne

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA)

  • Emmanuel Agamloh

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA)

  • Alex Yokochi

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA)

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of the status and prospects of fuel cell electric vehicles (FC-EVs) for grid integration. In recent years, renewable energy has been explored on every front to extend the use of fossil fuels. Advanced technologies involving wind and solar energy, electric vehicles, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) are becoming more popular for grid support. With recent developments in solid oxide fuel cell electric vehicles (SOFC-EVs), a more flexible fuel option than traditional proton-exchange membrane fuel cell electric vehicles (PEMFC-EVs), the potential for vehicle-to-grid (V2G)’s implementation is promising. Specifically, SOFC-EVs can utilize renewable biofuels or natural gas and, thus, they are not limited to pure hydrogen fuel only. This opens the opportunity for V2G’s implementation by using biofuels or readily piped natural gas at home or at charging stations. This review paper will discuss current V2G technologies and, importantly, compare battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to SOFC-EVs for V2G’s implementation and their impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Tingke Fang & Annette von Jouanne & Emmanuel Agamloh & Alex Yokochi, 2024. "Opportunities and Challenges of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:22:p:5646-:d:1518938
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Tingke Fang & Annette von Jouanne & Alex Yokochi, 2025. "Review of Electrochemical Systems for Grid Scale Power Generation and Conversion: Low- and High-Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolysis Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-33, May.
    2. Ștefan-Andrei Lupu & Dan Floricău, 2025. "Bidirectional Energy Transfer Between Electric Vehicle, Home, and Critical Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-19, April.

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