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Reducing Soot Nanoparticles and NO X Emissions in CRDI Diesel Engine by Incorporating TiO 2 Nano-Additives into Biodiesel Blends and Using High Rate of EGR

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed A. Fayad

    (Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Mohammed Sobhi

    (Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Cairo 11765, Egypt)

  • Miqdam T. Chaichan

    (Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Tawfik Badawy

    (Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt)

  • Wisam Essmat Abdul-Lateef

    (Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Hayder A. Dhahad

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Talal Yusaf

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4008, Australia)

  • Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak

    (Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Mohd S. Takriff

    (Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates)

  • Ahmed A. Al-Amiery

    (Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
    Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

The developments in the field of nano-additives have increased in the recent years due to the desire to reduce the level of exhaust emissions in diesel engines. The soot characteristics of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NO X ) were experimentally investigated using two concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as nano-additives (25 ppm and 40 ppm) blended with C20D (composed of 20% castor oil methyl ester and 80% diesel fuel) and 30% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The combustion of C20D + TiO 2 increases brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 2.8% in comparison with neat C20D, while a significant reduction was obtained in BSFC 6.5% and NO X emissions were maintained at a level parallel with diesel. The results indicated that the technique involving a high EGR rate and the addition of 25 ppm and 40 ppm of TiO 2 nanoparticles to the C20D exhibits better reductions in NO X emissions by 17.34% and 21.83%, respectively, compared to the technique comprising the use of C20D + TiO 2 and C20D. The reduction in the total concentration of PM via the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles to the C20D was 26.74% greater than neat C20D and diesel. In contrast, the incorporation of a high rate of EGR with C20D +TiO 2 increased the PM concentrations by 16.85% compared to the technique without EGR. Furthermore, the high concentrations of TiO 2 nanoparticles (40 ppm) in the C20D produced 19 nm smaller soot nanoparticles compared to the 23 nm larger soot nanoparticles produced from the low concentrations of TiO 2 nanoparticles (25 ppm) added into the C20D. The current investigation reveals that the reduction in NO X emissions and the production of soot nanoparticles notably improved due to the synergic effect of EGR, the TiO 2 nanoparticles, and biodiesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed A. Fayad & Mohammed Sobhi & Miqdam T. Chaichan & Tawfik Badawy & Wisam Essmat Abdul-Lateef & Hayder A. Dhahad & Talal Yusaf & Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak & Mohd S. Takriff & Ahmed A. Al-Amiery, 2023. "Reducing Soot Nanoparticles and NO X Emissions in CRDI Diesel Engine by Incorporating TiO 2 Nano-Additives into Biodiesel Blends and Using High Rate of EGR," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3921-:d:1140488
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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