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Cavitation Hydrodynamic Performance of 3-D Printed Highly Skewed Stainless Steel Tidal Turbine Rotors

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  • Stylianos Argyrios Pitsikoulis

    (School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

  • Sravya Tekumalla

    (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada)

  • Anurag Sharma

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University in Singapore, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8 #05-01, Singapore 567739, Singapore)

  • Wai Leong Eugene Wong

    (School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University International Singapore, 180 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, Singapore 569830, Singapore)

  • Serkan Turkmen

    (School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

  • Pengfei Liu

    (School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

Abstract

Hydraulic turbines contribute to 60% of renewable energy in the world; however, they also entail some adverse effects on the aquatic ecology system. One such effect is their excessive noise and vibration. To minimize this effect, one of the most effective and feasible solutions is to modify the design of the turbine rotor blade by introducing a skew. In this study, two 0.3-meter tidal turbines with 0-degree (no-skewness) and positive 90-degree skewness made of stainless steel 316L were designed and printed using a 3-D printing powder bed fusion technique. These rotors were then tested at the Emerson Cavitation Tunnel (ECT) at Newcastle University, UK, and the variation in the skewness of the blades of the turbines as a function of the power coefficient on a given tip speed ratio (TSR) value was ascertained. Results showed that the highly skewed rotor had significantly lower drag and torque fluctuations, with a slight decrease in efficiency compared to the non-skewed one, which warrants further investigation on the effect of added skew to reduce vibration and noise. Numerical simulations were also performed for verification and validation of the experimental tests, using the H45 dynamometer at the ECT. A comprehensive software code for propellers and tidal turbines, ROTORYSICS, was used to examine the cavitation effect of the two rotors; a comparison was made for both, with and without cavitation. The results indicate that for a high immersion depth of tidal turbine rotors, cavitation rarely occurs, but for hydrokinetic turbines that are installed on dams in rivers and falls, cavitation could be a serious concern. It was concluded that the 0-degree skewed rotor is more hydrodynamically efficient than the 90-degree skewed rotor.

Suggested Citation

  • Stylianos Argyrios Pitsikoulis & Sravya Tekumalla & Anurag Sharma & Wai Leong Eugene Wong & Serkan Turkmen & Pengfei Liu, 2023. "Cavitation Hydrodynamic Performance of 3-D Printed Highly Skewed Stainless Steel Tidal Turbine Rotors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-26, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3675-:d:1132226
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Batten, W.M.J. & Bahaj, A.S. & Molland, A.F. & Chaplin, J.R., 2008. "The prediction of the hydrodynamic performance of marine current turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 1085-1096.
    2. Magnus Harrold & Pablo Ouro, 2019. "Rotor Loading Characteristics of a Full-Scale Tidal Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Ge, Mingming & Manikkam, Pratulya & Ghossein, Joe & Kumar Subramanian, Roshan & Coutier-Delgosha, Olivier & Zhang, Guangjian, 2022. "Dynamic mode decomposition to classify cavitating flow regimes induced by thermodynamic effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
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