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Production of Bio-Oil from Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Pomegranate Peels over a Sulfonated Tea Waste Heterogeneous Catalyst: A Kinetic Investigation

Author

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  • Nafees Ur Rehman

    (National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan)

  • Jan Nisar

    (National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan)

  • Ghulam Ali

    (National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan)

  • Ali Ahmad

    (National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan)

  • Afzal Shah

    (Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan)

  • Zahoor H. Farooqi

    (School of Chemistry, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Faisal Muhammad

    (National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan)

Abstract

In this study, the pyrolysis procedure was used to extract oil from pomegranate peels (PP) utilizing biomass-derived sulfonated tea waste as a catalyst. FTIR, SAA, SEM, and XRD were used to characterize the catalyst. Thermo-catalytic decomposition was carried out in a salt bath reactor and the bio-oil composition was determined through GC-MS. The oil obtained from virgin PP was observed to contain compounds in the range of C 5 –C 13 , whereas from the catalyzed reaction it was found to be rich in C 5 –C 23 . For the calculation of kinetic parameters, TG analysis was performed of virgin PP and with the catalyst at different heating rates. TG/DTG indicated weight loss in four steps. The first weight loss below 100 °C is due to the physically adsorbed water molecule evaporation. The second weight loss is attributed to hemicellulose decomposition and the third one to cellulose degradation. The fourth weight loss is due to lignin degradation. Kissinger model was used for measuring the activation energy (Ea) of the decomposition reaction. The activation energy of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin for non-catalytic reactions was observed as 199, 249, and 299 kJmol −1 , while in the case of the loaded tea waste catalyst, the Ea was reduced to 122, 163, and 207 kJmol −1 , respectively, confirming the effectiveness of the catalyst. From these findings, it can be concluded that sulfonated tea waste catalyst has not only lowered the pyrolysis temperature and Ea but also brought a change in oil quality by enhancing value-added compounds in the bio-oil.

Suggested Citation

  • Nafees Ur Rehman & Jan Nisar & Ghulam Ali & Ali Ahmad & Afzal Shah & Zahoor H. Farooqi & Faisal Muhammad, 2023. "Production of Bio-Oil from Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Pomegranate Peels over a Sulfonated Tea Waste Heterogeneous Catalyst: A Kinetic Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:4:p:1908-:d:1068785
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ghulam Ali & Marrij Afraz & Faisal Muhammad & Jan Nisar & Afzal Shah & Shamsa Munir & Syed Tasleem Hussain, 2022. "Production of Fuel Range Hydrocarbons from Pyrolysis of Lignin over Zeolite Y, Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Aysu, Tevfik & Küçük, M. Maşuk, 2014. "Biomass pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and characterization of products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 1002-1025.
    3. Saadi, W. & Rodríguez-Sánchez, S. & Ruiz, B. & Souissi-Najar, S. & Ouederni, A. & Fuente, E., 2019. "Pyrolysis technologies for pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel wastes. Prospects in the bioenergy sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 373-382.
    4. Lokman, Ibrahim M. & Rashid, Umer & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin & Yunus, Robiah, 2015. "Methyl ester production from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated glucose-derived acid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 347-354.
    5. Jan Nisar & Ali Ahmad & Ghulam Ali & Nafees Ur Rehman & Afzal Shah & Iltaf Shah, 2022. "Enhanced Bio-Oil Yield from Thermal Decomposition of Peanut Shells Using Termite Hill as the Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-13, March.
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