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An Analysis of National Position, Opportunity, and Challenge of Indonesia’s Nuclear Program to Support Net-Zero Emissions by 2060

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  • Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Andrew Cahyo Adhi

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Handrea Bernando Tambunan

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Wigas Digwijaya

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Natalina Damanik

    (PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia)

  • Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia)

Abstract

Coal contributed 303 million tons of CO 2 (49% of total emissions) in Indonesia in 2021. The Indonesian government plans to retire all coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. Nuclear power plants (NPPs) have low CO 2 emissions. This research aims to analyze the status of the nuclear program and examine the opportunities and challenges of NPPs in supporting net-zero emissions. The method used is a literature study of national positions and a simulation of the use of NPPs with the low emissions analysis platform (LEAP) up to 2060. The Business as Usual (BaU) scenario still relies on CFPPs. The retired CFPP scenario consists of NPP utilization of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. It was found that the national position of Indonesia is in phase 1 (considering), because legally there is no policy on the use of NPPs in laws, the National Development Plan, or energy policies. A Nuclear Energy Program Implementation Organization (NEPIO) has not yet been established. The simulation results conclude that with limited renewable energy potential, NPPs have the opportunity to fulfill electricity production needs and reduce CO 2 emissions significantly. The challenge of using NPPs is the increasing production and investment costs of electricity that come along with the increase in the use of NPPs.

Suggested Citation

  • Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta & Andrew Cahyo Adhi & Handrea Bernando Tambunan & Wigas Digwijaya & Natalina Damanik & Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi, 2023. "An Analysis of National Position, Opportunity, and Challenge of Indonesia’s Nuclear Program to Support Net-Zero Emissions by 2060," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-37, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8089-:d:1301256
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