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Purified Glycerine from Biodiesel Production as Biomass or Waste-Based Green Raw Material for the Production of Biochemicals

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  • Grzegorz Borówka

    (ORLEN Południe S.A., Fabryczna 22, 32-540 Trzebinia, Poland
    Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Semerjak

    (ORLEN Południe S.A., Fabryczna 22, 32-540 Trzebinia, Poland)

  • Wojciech Krasodomski

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 25 A Lubicz Str., 31-503 Kraków, Poland)

  • Jan Lubowicz

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 25 A Lubicz Str., 31-503 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Glycerine (glycerol) is a polyol consisting of three carbon atoms bonded to hydroxyl groups. It is a by-product of the transesterification of triglycerides, such as animal fats, vegetable oils, or used cooking oils during the biodiesel production process. Crude glycerine is subject to purification processes resulting in distilled glycerine containing at least 99.5% glycerol. Currently, produced high-quality distilled glycerine is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Recently, technologies for converting glycerol to other chemicals through catalytic processes have been intensively developed, e.g., production of bio-based 1,2-propanediol. In the near future, glycerol will certainly become a promising renewable raw material in many modern biorefineries for the synthesis of biofuels, chemicals, and bioenergy production. This paper presents the possibility of using ion exchange resins to remove impurities with trace amounts of sulphur and nitrogen compounds from crude and distilled glycerine, produced during the biodiesel production process from used cooking oils. It was determined that using ion exchange resins at the preliminary purification stage (before distillation) was ineffective. Using cationite resins to purify distilled glycerine produced from waste materials enables the removal of impurities in the form of sulphur and nitrogen compounds.

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz Borówka & Grzegorz Semerjak & Wojciech Krasodomski & Jan Lubowicz, 2023. "Purified Glycerine from Biodiesel Production as Biomass or Waste-Based Green Raw Material for the Production of Biochemicals," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:4889-:d:1177318
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mai-Moulin, T. & Hoefnagels, R. & Grundmann, P. & Junginger, M., 2021. "Effective sustainability criteria for bioenergy: Towards the implementation of the european renewable directive II," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    2. Nicolás M. Clauser & Giselle González & Carolina M. Mendieta & Julia Kruyeniski & María C. Area & María E. Vallejos, 2021. "Biomass Waste as Sustainable Raw Material for Energy and Fuels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.
    3. Zhao, Yuanhao & Wang, Changbo & Zhang, Lixiao & Chang, Yuan & Hao, Yan, 2021. "Converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel in China: Environmental impacts and economic feasibility," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
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