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A Short Assessment of Renewable Energy for Optimal Sizing of 100% Renewable Energy Based Microgrids in Remote Islands of Developing Countries: A Case Study in Bangladesh

Author

Listed:
  • Homeyra Akter

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Japan)

  • Harun Or Rashid Howlader

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Japan)

  • Akito Nakadomari

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Japan)

  • Md. Rashedul Islam

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Japan)

  • Ahmed Y. Saber

    (ETAP R&D, Irvine, CA 92618, USA)

  • Tomonobu Senjyu

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Japan)

Abstract

This study explores Bangladesh’s present energy condition, renewable energy (RE) possibilities and designs an optimal 100% RE-based off-grid power system for St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh. The optimal size of a hybrid renewable microgrid based on photovoltaic (PV) cells, a battery energy storage system (BESS), fuel cells (FC), and an electrolysis plant (EP) is proposed. Advanced direct load control (ADLC) and rooftop PV meet the energy demand at the lowest cost, and profits are maximized by selling chemical products produced by seawater electrolysis. Four cases are explored with the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization technique using MATLAB® software to demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested power system. The system cost in case 1 is lower than in the other cases, but there is no chance of profiting. Cases 2, 3, and 4 have greater installation costs, which may be repaid in 8.17, 7.72, and 8.01 years, respectively, by the profits. Though the revenue in case 3 is 6.23% higher than in case 2 and and 3.85% higher than in case 4, case 4 is considered the most reliable power system, as it can meet the energy demand at the lowest cost while increasing profits and not putting a burden on customers.

Suggested Citation

  • Homeyra Akter & Harun Or Rashid Howlader & Akito Nakadomari & Md. Rashedul Islam & Ahmed Y. Saber & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2022. "A Short Assessment of Renewable Energy for Optimal Sizing of 100% Renewable Energy Based Microgrids in Remote Islands of Developing Countries: A Case Study in Bangladesh," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-30, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:1084-:d:740086
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nikolakakis, Thomas & Chattopadhyay, Deb & Bazilian, Morgan, 2017. "A review of renewable investment and power system operational issues in Bangladesh," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 650-658.
    2. Rajib Kanti DAS & Soman CHAKRABORTY, 2012. "Electricity Crisis And Load Management In Bangladesh," Management Research and Practice, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 4(2), pages 54-67, June.
    3. Islam, Md. Tasbirul & Shahir, S.A. & Uddin, T.M. Iftakhar & Saifullah, A.Z.A, 2014. "Current energy scenario and future prospect of renewable energy in Bangladesh," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1074-1088.
    4. Ahmed, Shamsuddin & Islam, Md Tasbirul & Karim, Mohd Aminul & Karim, Nissar Mohammad, 2014. "Exploitation of renewable energy for sustainable development and overcoming power crisis in Bangladesh," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 223-235.
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    2. Samina Alam & Kazi Sajedur Rahman & Md. Rokonuzzaman & P. Abdul Salam & Md. Sazal Miah & Narottam Das & Shahariar Chowdhury & Sittiporn Channumsin & Suwat Sreesawet & Manun Channumsin, 2022. "Selection of Waste to Energy Technologies for Municipal Solid Waste Management—Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Maciej Żołądek & Alexandros Kafetzis & Rafał Figaj & Kyriakos Panopoulos, 2022. "Energy-Economic Assessment of Islanded Microgrid with Wind Turbine, Photovoltaic Field, Wood Gasifier, Battery, and Hydrogen Energy Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, September.
    4. Henning Meschede & Paul Bertheau & Siavash Khalili & Christian Breyer, 2022. "A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(6), November.
    5. Md. Rashedul Islam & Homeyra Akter & Harun Or Rashid Howlader & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2022. "Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Grid-Independent Hybrid Energy System for Sustained Rural Electrification in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Bangladesh," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    6. Ana Rita Silva & Ana Estanqueiro, 2022. "From Wind to Hybrid: A Contribution to the Optimal Design of Utility-Scale Hybrid Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-19, April.

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