IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i24p9471-d1002879.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electric Vehicle Charging Modes, Technologies and Applications of Smart Charging

Author

Listed:
  • Afaq Ahmad

    (Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Muhammad Khalid

    (School of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zahid Ullah

    (Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Naveed Ahmad

    (Department of Computer Science, Prince Sultan University, Riydah 12435, Saudi Arabia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mohammad Aljaidi

    (Department of Computer Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13116, Jordan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Faheem Ahmed Malik

    (Northumbria Future Aerospace, Control and Transportation Research Group (n-FACT), Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Umar Manzoor

    (Department of Computer Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The rise of the intelligent, local charging facilitation and environmentally friendly aspects of electric vehicles (EVs) has grabbed the attention of many end-users. However, there are still numerous challenges faced by researchers trying to put EVs into competition with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The major challenge in EVs is quick recharging and the selection of an optimal charging station. In this paper, we present the most recent research on EV charging management systems and their role in smart cities. EV charging can be done either in parking mode or on-the-move mode. This review work is novel due to many factors, such as that it focuses on discussing centralized and distributed charging management techniques supported by a communication framework for the selection of an appropriate charging station (CS). Similarly, the selection of CS is evaluated on the basis of battery charging as well as battery swapping services. This review also covered plug-in charging technologies including residential, public and ultra-fast charging technologies and also discusses the major components and architecture of EVs involved in charging. In a comprehensive and detailed manner, the applications and challenges in different charging modes, CS selection, and future work have been discussed. This is the first attempt of its kind, we did not find a survey on the charging hierarchy of EVs, their architecture, or their applications in smart cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Afaq Ahmad & Muhammad Khalid & Zahid Ullah & Naveed Ahmad & Mohammad Aljaidi & Faheem Ahmed Malik & Umar Manzoor, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Charging Modes, Technologies and Applications of Smart Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-32, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9471-:d:1002879
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9471/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9471/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Monica Alonso & Hortensia Amaris & Jean Gardy Germain & Juan Manuel Galan, 2014. "Optimal Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids by Heuristic Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Vazifeh, Mohammad M. & Zhang, Hongmou & Santi, Paolo & Ratti, Carlo, 2019. "Optimizing the deployment of electric vehicle charging stations using pervasive mobility data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 75-91.
    3. Jon Ander López & Victor Isaac Herrera & Haritza Camblong & Aitor Milo & Haizea Gaztañaga, 2019. "Energy Management Improvement Based on Fleet Digitalization Data Exploitation for Hybrid Electric Buses," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, in: Maude Josée Blondin & Panos M. Pardalos & Javier Sanchis Sáez (ed.), Computational Intelligence and Optimization Methods for Control Engineering, chapter 0, pages 321-355, Springer.
    4. Inam Ul Haq & Qaisar Javaid & Zahid Ullah & Zafar Zaheer & Mohsin Raza & Muhammad Khalid & Ghufran Ahmed & Saleem Khan, 2020. "E2-MACH: Energy efficient multi-attribute based clustering scheme for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, , vol. 16(10), pages 15501477209, October.
    5. Rahman, Syed & Khan, Irfan Ahmed & Khan, Ashraf Ali & Mallik, Ayan & Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal, 2022. "Comprehensive review & impact analysis of integrating projected electric vehicle charging load to the existing low voltage distribution system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    6. Svetozarevic, B. & Baumann, C. & Muntwiler, S. & Di Natale, L. & Zeilinger, M.N. & Heer, P., 2022. "Data-driven control of room temperature and bidirectional EV charging using deep reinforcement learning: Simulations and experiments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    7. Nezamoddini, Nasim & Wang, Yong, 2016. "Risk management and participation planning of electric vehicles in smart grids for demand response," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 836-850.
    8. Awasthi, Abhishek & Venkitusamy, Karthikeyan & Padmanaban, Sanjeevikumar & Selvamuthukumaran, Rajasekar & Blaabjerg, Frede & Singh, Asheesh K., 2017. "Optimal planning of electric vehicle charging station at the distribution system using hybrid optimization algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 70-78.
    9. Christian Thiel & Andreea Julea & Beatriz Acosta Iborra & Nerea De Miguel Echevarria & Emanuela Peduzzi & Enrico Pisoni & Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez & Jette Krause, 2019. "Assessing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Recharging Infrastructure Deployment Efforts in the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-23, June.
    10. Nimalsiri, Nanduni I. & Ratnam, Elizabeth L. & Mediwaththe, Chathurika P. & Smith, David B. & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2021. "Coordinated charging and discharging control of electric vehicles to manage supply voltages in distribution networks: Assessing the customer benefit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    11. Manik Chandra Das & Abanish Pandey & Arun Kumar Mahato & Rajnish Kumar Singh, 2019. "Comparative performance of electric vehicles using evaluation of mixed data," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 56(3), pages 1067-1090, September.
    12. Zhang, Haoran & Song, Xuan & Xia, Tianqi & Yuan, Meng & Fan, Zipei & Shibasaki, Ryosuke & Liang, Yongtu, 2018. "Battery electric vehicles in Japan: Human mobile behavior based adoption potential analysis and policy target response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 527-535.
    13. Song, Ziyou & Hofmann, Heath & Li, Jianqiu & Hou, Jun & Han, Xuebing & Ouyang, Minggao, 2014. "Energy management strategies comparison for electric vehicles with hybrid energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 321-331.
    14. Maigha & Mariesa L. Crow, 2014. "Economic Scheduling of Residential Plug-In (Hybrid) Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-23, March.
    15. Bi, Jun & Wang, Yongxing & Sai, Qiuyue & Ding, Cong, 2019. "Estimating remaining driving range of battery electric vehicles based on real-world data: A case study of Beijing, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 833-843.
    16. Shi, Xiao & Pan, Jian & Wang, Hewu & Cai, Hua, 2019. "Battery electric vehicles: What is the minimum range required?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 352-358.
    17. Kamankesh, Hamidreza & Agelidis, Vassilios G. & Kavousi-Fard, Abdollah, 2016. "Optimal scheduling of renewable micro-grids considering plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 285-297.
    18. Bhatti, Abdul Rauf & Salam, Zainal & Aziz, Mohd Junaidi Bin Abdul & Yee, Kong Pui & Ashique, Ratil H., 2016. "Electric vehicles charging using photovoltaic: Status and technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 34-47.
    19. Geng, Lijun & Lu, Zhigang & He, Liangce & Zhang, Jiangfeng & Li, Xueping & Guo, Xiaoqiang, 2019. "Smart charging management system for electric vehicles in coupled transportation and power distribution systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rajanand Patnaik Narasipuram & Subbarao Mopidevi, 2023. "A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL 2 C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Rajeshkumar Ramraj & Ehsan Pashajavid & Sanath Alahakoon & Shantha Jayasinghe, 2023. "Quality of Service and Associated Communication Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-28, October.
    3. Jie Hu & Wentong Cao & Feng Jiang & Lingling Hu & Qian Chen & Weiguang Zheng & Junming Zhou, 2023. "Study on Multi-Objective Optimization of Power System Parameters of Battery Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-23, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Figueiredo, Raquel & Nunes, Pedro & Brito, Miguel C., 2017. "The feasibility of solar parking lots for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1182-1197.
    2. Guo, Shiliang & Li, Pengpeng & Ma, Kai & Yang, Bo & Yang, Jie, 2022. "Robust energy management for industrial microgrid considering charging and discharging pressure of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    3. Ferro, G. & Minciardi, R. & Robba, M., 2020. "A user equilibrium model for electric vehicles: Joint traffic and energy demand assignment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    4. Lin, Haiyang & Bian, Caiyun & Wang, Yu & Li, Hailong & Sun, Qie & Wallin, Fredrik, 2022. "Optimal planning of intra-city public charging stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    5. Anastasios Tsakalidis & Andreea Julea & Christian Thiel, 2019. "The Role of Infrastructure for Electric Passenger Car Uptake in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-18, November.
    6. Leandro do C. Martins & Rafael D. Tordecilla & Juliana Castaneda & Angel A. Juan & Javier Faulin, 2021. "Electric Vehicle Routing, Arc Routing, and Team Orienteering Problems in Sustainable Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-30, August.
    7. İnci, Mustafa & Büyük, Mehmet & Demir, Mehmet Hakan & İlbey, Göktürk, 2021. "A review and research on fuel cell electric vehicles: Topologies, power electronic converters, energy management methods, technical challenges, marketing and future aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    8. Jorge García Álvarez & Miguel Ángel González & Camino Rodríguez Vela & Ramiro Varela, 2018. "Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling by an Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.
    9. Pegah Alaee & Julius Bems & Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, 2023. "A Review of the Latest Trends in Technical and Economic Aspects of EV Charging Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-28, April.
    10. Yuan, Meng & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik & Liang, Yongtu, 2021. "The electrification of transportation in energy transition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    11. Ku, Donggyun & Choi, Minje & Yoo, Nakyoung & Shin, Seungheon & Lee, Seungjae, 2021. "A new algorithm for eco-friendly path guidance focused on electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    12. Ghotge, Rishabh & van Wijk, Ad & Lukszo, Zofia, 2021. "Off-grid solar charging of electric vehicles at long-term parking locations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    13. Shafqat Jawad & Junyong Liu, 2020. "Electrical Vehicle Charging Services Planning and Operation with Interdependent Power Networks and Transportation Networks: A Review of the Current Scenario and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, July.
    14. Yi, Wenjing & Yan, Jie, 2020. "Energy consumption and emission influences from shared mobility in China: A national level annual data analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    15. Bảo-Huy Nguyễn & João Pedro F. Trovão & Ronan German & Alain Bouscayrol, 2020. "Real-Time Energy Management of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Linear Quadratic Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-19, October.
    16. Parwal, Arvind & Fregelius, Martin & Temiz, Irinia & Göteman, Malin & Oliveira, Janaina G. de & Boström, Cecilia & Leijon, Mats, 2018. "Energy management for a grid-connected wave energy park through a hybrid energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 399-411.
    17. Ghosh, Sourav & Yadav, Sarita & Devi, Ambika & Thomas, Tiju, 2022. "Techno-economic understanding of Indian energy-storage market: A perspective on green materials-based supercapacitor technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    18. Youssef Amry & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Franck Le Gall & Mounir Ghogho & Soumia El Hani, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Traction Drives and Charging Station Power Electronics: Current Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-30, August.
    19. Li, Shuangqi & Zhao, Pengfei & Gu, Chenghong & Huo, Da & Zeng, Xianwu & Pei, Xiaoze & Cheng, Shuang & Li, Jianwei, 2022. "Online battery-protective vehicle to grid behavior management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    20. Chitchai Srithapon & Prasanta Ghosh & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Rongrit Chatthaworn, 2020. "Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling in Urban Village Networks Considering Energy Arbitrage and Distribution Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9471-:d:1002879. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.