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Enviro-Economic Assessment of HHO–CNG Mixture Utilization in Spark Ignition Engine for Performance and Environmental Sustainability

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Usman

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Rehmat Bashir

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Fahid Riaz

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates)

  • Muhammad Juniad Raza

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, RCET University of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 43741, Pakistan)

  • Khubaib Suleman

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, RCET University of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 43741, Pakistan)

  • Abd-ul Rehman

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, RCET University of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 43741, Pakistan)

  • Waqar Muhammad Ashraf

    (Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK)

  • Jaroslaw Krzywanski

    (Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland)

Abstract

Road transportation has received the attention of researchers due to its higher carbon footprint. Alternative fuels present major advantages in terms of environmental sustainability. For this reason, an enviro-economic analysis of alternative fuels carries great significance. However, scarce attempts have been rendered in order to ascertain the impact of a hydroxy gas (HHO) and compressed natural gas (CNG) mixture on sustainable environmental development. The current study addresses this issue by employing an HHO–CNG mixture and gasoline in spark ignition (SI) engines for the purposes of performance and environmental pollutants measurement. Then, engine emission data were substituted for Weibull distribution in order to establish suitability for 50 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The mixture outperformed gasoline in terms of brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emission contents. On average, hydroxy gas with CNG produced 10.59% lower oxides of nitrogen (NO X ) comparative to gasoline. Finally, the enviro-economic analysis also turned out to be in favor of the hydroxy gas mixture owing to a saving of 36.14% in USD/year due to 27.87% lower production of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Usman & Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik & Rehmat Bashir & Fahid Riaz & Muhammad Juniad Raza & Khubaib Suleman & Abd-ul Rehman & Waqar Muhammad Ashraf & Jaroslaw Krzywanski, 2022. "Enviro-Economic Assessment of HHO–CNG Mixture Utilization in Spark Ignition Engine for Performance and Environmental Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:8253-:d:963759
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karol Sztekler & Wojciech Kalawa & Lukasz Mika & Jaroslaw Krzywanski & Karolina Grabowska & Marcin Sosnowski & Wojciech Nowak & Tomasz Siwek & Artur Bieniek, 2020. "Modeling of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Integrated with an Adsorption Chiller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-12, January.
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    4. Tomasz Czakiert & Jaroslaw Krzywanski & Anna Zylka & Wojciech Nowak, 2022. "Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Usman & Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik & Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary & Fahid Riaz & Sohaib Raza & Muhammad Abubakar & Farrukh Ahmad Malik & Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad & Yasser Fouad & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & M, 2023. "Comparative Assessment of Ethanol and Methanol–Ethanol Blends with Gasoline in SI Engine for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, May.
    2. Keunsang Lee & Haengmuk Cho, 2024. "Comparative Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesels from Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils as Fuel for Common Rail Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-13, April.

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