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Feasibility of Thermal Utilization of Primary and Secondary Sludge from a Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant in Kaliningrad City

Author

Listed:
  • Yuliya Kulikova

    (Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant BFU, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia)

  • Olga Babich

    (Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant BFU, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia)

  • Anna Tsybina

    (Environmental Protection Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614000 Perm, Russia)

  • Stanislav Sukhikh

    (Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant BFU, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia)

  • Ivan Mokrushin

    (Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Technosphere Safety of Perm State National Research University, 614990 Perm, Russia)

  • Svetlana Noskova

    (Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant BFU, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia)

  • Nikolaj Orlov

    (Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant BFU, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia)

Abstract

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge is considered in the article as an analogue of the natural processes of oil formation (catagenesis). A comparison of the physicochemical composition of primary and secondary sludge with type II kerogen (natural precursor of oil) showed their similarity. Both types of sludge have a slightly higher level of oxygen and nitrogen. The study tested the hypothesis that the elements included in the inorganic part of the oil source rocks can have a catalytic effect on the oil formation processes. For the conducted studies of sludge HTL, the catalysts containing cations and substances found in oil source rocks were chosen: as homogeneous catalysts (KOH, NaOH, NH 4 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , CoCl 6 , NiSO 4 , CuSO 4 , ZnSO 4 , MoO 3 ) and as heterogeneous catalysts (MgO, Zeolite, Al 2 O 3 ). The effectiveness of catalysts containing metal ions, zeolite and aluminum oxide has been proven. The highest biocrude yield was achieved in a process with NiSO 4 as the catalyst in a dose 2 g per 10 g of sludge: oil yield increased by 34.9% and 63.4% in the processing of primary and secondary sludge, respectively. The use of catalysts provided an increase in fuel HHV by 10.8–12.5%, which is associated with a decrease in oxygen content (by 10.8–43.2%) with a simultaneous increase in carbon (by 7.9–10.9%) and hydrogen (by 6.5–18.7%) content.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuliya Kulikova & Olga Babich & Anna Tsybina & Stanislav Sukhikh & Ivan Mokrushin & Svetlana Noskova & Nikolaj Orlov, 2022. "Feasibility of Thermal Utilization of Primary and Secondary Sludge from a Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant in Kaliningrad City," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5639-:d:879533
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oladejo, Jumoke M. & Adegbite, Stephen & Pang, Cheng Heng & Liu, Hao & Parvez, Ashak M. & Wu, Tao, 2017. "A novel index for the study of synergistic effects during the co-processing of coal and biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 215-225.
    2. Xu, Donghai & Lin, Guike & Liu, Liang & Wang, Yang & Jing, Zefeng & Wang, Shuzhong, 2018. "Comprehensive evaluation on product characteristics of fast hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge at different temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 686-695.
    3. Ayaz A. Shah & Saqib S. Toor & Tahir H. Seehar & Rasmus S. Nielsen & Asbjørn H. Nielsen & Thomas H. Pedersen & Lasse A. Rosendahl, 2020. "Bio-Crude Production through Aqueous Phase Recycling of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sewage Sludge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
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    1. Yuliya Kulikova & Marina Krasnovskikh & Natalia Sliusar & Nikolay Orlov & Olga Babich, 2023. "Analysis and Comparison of Bio-Oils Obtained by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Organic Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.

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