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Hydrogen Storage in Geological Formations—The Potential of Salt Caverns

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  • Aleksandra Małachowska

    (Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Natalia Łukasik

    (Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Joanna Mioduska

    (Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Jacek Gębicki

    (Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

Abstract

Hydrogen-based technologies are among the most promising solutions to fulfill the zero-emission scenario and ensure the energy independence of many countries. Hydrogen is considered a green energy carrier, which can be utilized in the energy, transport, and chemical sectors. However, efficient and safe large-scale hydrogen storage is still challenging. The most frequently used hydrogen storage solutions in industry, i.e., compression and liquefaction, are highly energy-consuming. Underground hydrogen storage is considered the most economical and safe option for large-scale utilization at various time scales. Among underground geological formations, salt caverns are the most promising for hydrogen storage, due to their suitable physicochemical and mechanical properties that ensure safe and efficient storage even at high pressures. In this paper, recent advances in underground storage with a particular emphasis on salt cavern utilization in Europe are presented. The initial experience in hydrogen storage in underground reservoirs was discussed, and the potential for worldwide commercialization of this technology was analyzed. In Poland, salt deposits from the north-west and central regions (e.g., Rogóźno, Damasławek, Łeba) are considered possible formations for hydrogen storage. The Gubin area is also promising, where 25 salt caverns with a total capacity of 1600 million Nm 3 can be constructed.

Suggested Citation

  • Aleksandra Małachowska & Natalia Łukasik & Joanna Mioduska & Jacek Gębicki, 2022. "Hydrogen Storage in Geological Formations—The Potential of Salt Caverns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5038-:d:859601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Wei & Zhang, Zhixin & Chen, Jie & Jiang, Deyi & Wu, Fei & Fan, Jinyang & Li, Yinping, 2020. "Feasibility evaluation of large-scale underground hydrogen storage in bedded salt rocks of China: A case study in Jiangsu province," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    2. Bartosz Ceran, 2020. "Multi-Criteria Comparative Analysis of Clean Hydrogen Production Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-21, August.
    3. Tarkowski, Radoslaw, 2019. "Underground hydrogen storage: Characteristics and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 86-94.
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    Cited by:

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    5. Thimet, P.J. & Mavromatidis, G., 2023. "What-where-when: Investigating the role of storage for the German electricity system transition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    6. Shengwei Dong & Taian Fang & Jifang Wan & Xuhui Hu & Jingcui Li & Hangming Liu & Dongyang Li & Shaofeng Qiao, 2022. "Study on the Effect of the Water Injection Rate on the Cavern Leaching Strings of Salt Cavern Gas Storages," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.
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    8. Deng, Peng & Chen, Zhangxin & Peng, Xiaolong & Wang, Jianfeng & Zhu, Suyang & Ma, Haoming & Wu, Zhengbin, 2023. "Optimized lower pressure limit for condensate underground gas storage using a dynamic pseudo-component model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    9. Dariusz Knez & Omid Ahmad Mahmoudi Zamani, 2023. "Up-to-Date Status of Geoscience in the Field of Natural Hydrogen with Consideration of Petroleum Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-17, September.

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