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Effects of cushion gas pressure and operating parameters on the capacity of hydrogen storage in lined rock caverns (LRC)

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  • Bowen, Hu
  • Xianzhen, Mi
  • Yu, Liyuan
  • Shuchen, Li
  • Wei, Li
  • Chao, Wei

Abstract

Hydrogen storage in lined rock cavern (LRC) provides versatile site selection, safety, and stability, making it a crucial option. In this study, a thermodynamic mathematical model was established to describe hydrogen storage in LRC. This model is based on the principles of mass, momentum, and energy conservation while accounting for the authentic compressibility of hydrogen. The thermodynamic fluctuations throughout the seasonal cycle in LRC were computed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results indicate that when the hydrogen storage reaches the operating pressure, the lower the cushion gas pressure, the greater the hydrogen injection amount, and the higher the utilization rate of storage capacity. With a cushion gas pressure of 3 MPa, the storage capacity utilization rate exceeds that at 15 MPa by 41 %. The injection rate of 0.5 kg/s results in a temperature increase of 12 °C compared to 0.27 kg/s, indicating twice the temperature rise at the 0.27 kg/s injection rate. An increase in injection temperature corresponds to higher temperature within the hydrogen storage cavern upon completion of gas injection, thereby reducing the time needed for gas injection to reach maximum operating pressure. A lower initial cavern temperature results in a longer time for hydrogen storage to reach maximum operating pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Bowen, Hu & Xianzhen, Mi & Yu, Liyuan & Shuchen, Li & Wei, Li & Chao, Wei, 2024. "Effects of cushion gas pressure and operating parameters on the capacity of hydrogen storage in lined rock caverns (LRC)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:235:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124013855
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121317
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aleksandra Małachowska & Natalia Łukasik & Joanna Mioduska & Jacek Gębicki, 2022. "Hydrogen Storage in Geological Formations—The Potential of Salt Caverns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
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    1. Chengguo Hu & Xiaozhao Li & Bangguo Jia & Lixin He & Kai Zhang, 2025. "Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Polymer-Sealed Dual-Cavern Hydrogen Storage in Heterogeneous Rock Masses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Mi, Xianzhen & Hu, Bowen & Yu, Liyuan & Su, Haijian & Shi, Meixia & Li, Yifa, 2025. "Gas transport characteristics and airtightness evaluation of lined rock cavern for compressed air energy storages (CAES)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    3. Krzysztof Miłek & Wiesław Szott, 2025. "Numerical Modelling of Gas Mixing in Salt Caverns During Cyclic Hydrogen Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-23, October.

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