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A Planning Method for Partially Grid-Connected Bus Rapid Transit Systems Operating with In-Motion Charging Batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Andrés E. Díez

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mauricio Restrepo

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

This paper presents an electrical infrastructure planning method for transit systems that operate with partially grid-connected vehicles incorporating on-board batteries. First, the state-of-the-art of electric transit systems that combine grid-connected and battery-based operation is briefly described. Second, the benefits of combining a grid connection and battery supply in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are introduced. Finally, the planning method is explained and tested in a BRT route in Medellin, Colombia, using computational simulations in combination with real operational data from electric buses that are currently operating in this transit line. Unlike other methods and approaches for Battery Electric Bus (BEB) infrastructure planning, the proposed technique is system-focused, rather than solely limited to the vehicles. The objective of the technique, from the vehicle’s side, is to assist the planner in the correct sizing of batteries and power train capacity, whereas from the system side the goal is to locate and size the route sections to be electrified. These decision variables are calculated with the objective of minimizing the installed battery and achieve minimum Medium Voltage (MV) network requirements, while meeting all technical and reliability conditions. The method proved to be useful to find a minimum feasible cost solution for partially electrifying a BRT line with In-motion Charging (IMC) technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrés E. Díez & Mauricio Restrepo, 2021. "A Planning Method for Partially Grid-Connected Bus Rapid Transit Systems Operating with In-Motion Charging Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2550-:d:545983
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Micha T. Kahlen & Wolfgang Ketter & Jan van Dalen, 2018. "Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Dilemma: Grid Balancing Versus Customer Mobility," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 27(11), pages 2054-2070, November.
    2. Daniel Betancur & Luis F. Duarte & Jesús Revollo & Carlos Restrepo & Andrés E. Díez & Idi A. Isaac & Gabriel J. López & Jorge W. González, 2021. "Methodology to Evaluate the Impact of Electric Vehicles on Electrical Networks Using Monte Carlo," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Gilbert, Richard & Perl, Anthony, 2007. "Grid-connected vehicles as the core of future land-based transport systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 3053-3060, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rabia Soomro & Irfan Ahmed Memon & Agha Faisal Habib Pathan & Waqas Ahmed Mahar & Noman Sahito & Zulfiqar Ali Lashari, 2022. "Factors That Influence Travelers’ Willingness to Adopt Bus Rapid Transit (Green Line) Service in Karachi," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-35, August.
    2. Hanhee Kim & Niklas Hartmann & Maxime Zeller & Renato Luise & Tamer Soylu, 2021. "Comparative TCO Analysis of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport System in Small to Midsize Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-31, July.

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