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Optimization of Hydrogen Cost and Transport Technology in France and Germany for Various Production and Demand Scenarios

Author

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  • Amin Lahnaoui

    (Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research—Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), D-52425 Jülich, Germany)

  • Christina Wulf

    (Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research—Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), D-52425 Jülich, Germany)

  • Didier Dalmazzone

    (Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UCP, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828, Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120 Palaiseau, France)

Abstract

Green hydrogen for mobility represents an alternative to conventional fuel to decarbonize the transportation sector. Nevertheless, the thermodynamic properties make the transport and the storage of this energy carrier at standard conditions inefficient. Therefore, this study deploys a georeferenced optimal transport infrastructure for four base case scenarios in France and Germany that differs by production distribution based on wind power potential and demand capacities for the mobility sector at different penetration shares for 2030 and 2050. The restrained transport network to the road infrastructure allows focusing on the optimum combination of trucks operating at different states of aggregations and storage technologies and its impact on the annual cost and hydrogen flow using linear programming. Furthermore, four other scenarios with production cost investigate the impact of upstream supply chain cost, and eight scenarios with daily transport and storage optimization analyse the modeling method sensitivity. The results show that compressed hydrogen gas at a high presser level around 500 bar was, on average, a better option. However, at an early stage of hydrogen fuel penetration, substituting compressed gas at low to medium pressure levels by liquid organic hydrogen carrier minimizes the transport and storage costs. Finally, in France, hydrogen production matches population distribution, in contrast to Germany, which suffers from supply and demand disparity.

Suggested Citation

  • Amin Lahnaoui & Christina Wulf & Didier Dalmazzone, 2021. "Optimization of Hydrogen Cost and Transport Technology in France and Germany for Various Production and Demand Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:744-:d:490420
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lahnaoui, Amin & Wulf, Christina & Heinrichs, Heidi & Dalmazzone, Didier, 2018. "Optimizing hydrogen transportation system for mobility by minimizing the cost of transportation via compressed gas truck in North Rhine-Westphalia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 317-328.
    2. Reuß, M. & Grube, T. & Robinius, M. & Preuster, P. & Wasserscheid, P. & Stolten, D., 2017. "Seasonal storage and alternative carriers: A flexible hydrogen supply chain model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 290-302.
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    7. Dieter Helm, 2020. "The Environmental Impacts of the Coronavirus," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(1), pages 21-38, May.
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    Cited by:

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    2. José A. Ventura, 2023. "Climate Benefits Advocated by the Development of Sustainable Vehicles and Charging Infrastructures in the Transport Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-5, April.
    3. Chi, Yuanying & Xu, Weiyue & Xiao, Meng & Wang, Zhengzao & Zhang, Xufeng & Chen, Yahui, 2023. "Fuel-cycle based environmental and economic assessment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Lopez, Gabriel & Galimova, Tansu & Fasihi, Mahdi & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Breyer, Christian, 2023. "Towards defossilised steel: Supply chain options for a green European steel industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    5. Sgarbossa, Fabio & Arena, Simone & Tang, Ou & Peron, Mirco, 2023. "Renewable hydrogen supply chains: A planning matrix and an agenda for future research," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    6. Sgarbossa, Fabio & Arena, Simone & Tang, Ou & Peron, Mirco, 2022. "Reprint of: Renewable hydrogen supply chains: A planning matrix and an agenda for future research," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    7. Andrea Dumančić & Nela Vlahinić Lenz & Goran Majstrović, 2023. "Can Hydrogen Production Be Economically Viable on the Existing Gas-Fired Power Plant Location? New Empirical Evidence," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-20, April.
    8. Anton Manakhov & Maxim Orlov & Mustafa Babiker & Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim, 2022. "A Perspective on Decarbonizing Mobility: An All-Electrification vs. an All-Hydrogenization Venue," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-13, July.
    9. Shashank Deepak Prabhu, 2025. "Understanding the Sustainable Hydrogen Generation Potential for the Region of Bavaria, Germany via Bio-Waste Processing Using Thermochemical Conversion Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-24, April.

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