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Review of MVDC Applications, Technologies, and Future Prospects

Author

Listed:
  • Sophie Coffey

    (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK)

  • Victor Timmers

    (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK)

  • Rui Li

    (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK)

  • Guanglu Wu

    (State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Safety and Energy Conservation, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Agustí Egea-Àlvarez

    (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK)

Abstract

This paper presents a complete review of MVDC applications and their required technologies. Four main MVDC applications were investigated: rail, shipboard systems, distribution grids, and offshore collection systems. For each application, the voltage and power levels, grid structures, converter topologies, and protection and control structure were reviewed. Case studies of the varying applications as well as the literature were analyzed to ascertain the common trends and to review suggested future topologies. For rail, ship, and distribution systems, the technology and ability to implement MVDC grids is available, and there are already a number of case studies. Offshore wind collection systems, however, are yet able to be implemented. Across the four applications, the MVDC voltages ranged from 5–50 kV DC and tens of MW, with some papers suggesting an upper limit of 100 kV DC and hundreds of MV for distribution networks and offshore wind farm applications. This enables the use of varying technologies at both the lower and high voltage ranges, giving flexibility in the choice of topology that is required required.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Coffey & Victor Timmers & Rui Li & Guanglu Wu & Agustí Egea-Àlvarez, 2021. "Review of MVDC Applications, Technologies, and Future Prospects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-36, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8294-:d:698580
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    5. Flavio Balsamo & Davide Lauria & Fabio Mottola, 2019. "Design and Control of Coupled Inductor DC–DC Converters for MVDC Ship Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-20, February.
    6. Roland Ryndzionek & Łukasz Sienkiewicz, 2020. "Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
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    3. Zahra Zahra & Zunaira Habib & Hyeseung Hyun & Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad, 2022. "Overview on Recent Developments in the Design, Application, and Impacts of Nanofertilizers in Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, August.

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