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Full-Scale Investigation of Dry Sorbent Injection for NO x Emission Control and Mercury Retention

Author

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  • Robert Wejkowski

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Sylwester Kalisz

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Mateusz Tymoszuk

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Szymon Ciukaj

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Izabella Maj

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

An innovative dry SNCR method realized by a sorbent injection applied to a stoker furnace is presented. The process is based on urea powder admixed with halloysite, an aluminosilicate clay mineral. Field tests were performed at an industrial stoker hot water boiler of 30 MW th capacity. A unique nozzle design for injecting powdery sorbents into the combustion zone was implemented. The base NO x emission without SNCR was determined to be 365 mg/Nm 3 . During the reference test, the emission was reduced to avg. 175 mg/Nm 3 , which produces a NO x reduction of 52%. NH 3 slip in the flue gas was stable and did not exceed 2 ppm. Combining urea and halloysite powders leads to a number of positive effects; not only is NO x emission reduced to values typical for wet SNCR, but also a significant, over ten-fold increase in the concentration of adsorbed mercury in fly ash was observed. When confronted with wet SNCR, dry SNCR has no adverse effect on boiler efficiency because it does not increase the stack heat loss. The presented method can be used in any small- or medium-scale furnace, including waste-to-energy units or medical and hazardous waste incineration units.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Wejkowski & Sylwester Kalisz & Mateusz Tymoszuk & Szymon Ciukaj & Izabella Maj, 2021. "Full-Scale Investigation of Dry Sorbent Injection for NO x Emission Control and Mercury Retention," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7787-:d:684130
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sang Ji Lee & Jae Geun Yun & Han Min Lee & Ji Yeop Kim & Jin Han Yun & Jung Goo Hong, 2021. "Dependence of N 2 O/NO Decomposition and Formation on Temperature and Residence Time in Thermal Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Magdalena Gazda-Grzywacz & Łukasz Winconek & Piotr Burmistrz, 2021. "Carbon Footprint for Mercury Capture from Coal-Fired Boiler Flue Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-13, June.
    3. Staiger, B. & Unterberger, S. & Berger, R. & Hein, Klaus R.G., 2005. "Development of an air staging technology to reduce NOx emissions in grate fired boilers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(8), pages 1429-1438.
    4. Kalisz, Sylwester & Ciukaj, Szymon & Mroczek, Kazimierz & Tymoszuk, Mateusz & Wejkowski, Robert & Pronobis, Marek & Kubiczek, Henryk, 2015. "Full-scale study on halloysite fireside additive in 230 t/h pulverized coal utility boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P1), pages 33-39.
    5. Mateusz Szul & Tomasz Iluk & Aleksander Sobolewski, 2020. "High-Temperature, Dry Scrubbing of Syngas with Use of Mineral Sorbents and Ceramic Rigid Filters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jerzy Gorecki & Mariusz Macherzynski & Jacek Chmielowiec & Karel Borovec & Mateusz Wałeka & Yinyou Deng & Janusz Sarbinowski & Grzegorz Pasciak, 2022. "The Methods and Stands for Testing Fixed Sorbent and Sorbent Polymer Composite Materials for the Removal of Mercury from Flue Gases," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Kalisz, Sylwester & Wejkowski, Robert & Maj, Izabella & Garbacz, Przemysław, 2023. "A novel approach to the dry desulfurization process by means of sodium bicarbonate: A full-scale study on SO2 emission and geochemistry of fly ash," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    3. Izabella Maj & Sylwester Kalisz & Szymon Ciukaj, 2022. "Properties of Animal-Origin Ash—A Valuable Material for Circular Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.

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