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Development of an air staging technology to reduce NOx emissions in grate fired boilers

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  • Staiger, B.
  • Unterberger, S.
  • Berger, R.
  • Hein, Klaus R.G.

Abstract

Experiments with a newly designed controlled multiple air staging technology (CMAST) in grate firings show a considerable reduction in NOx emissions. The applicability of the CMAST depends on fuel parameters. Fuels with high moisture content cause a drop in the heat output during full load operation due to the reduced fuel conversion. Due to reduced temperatures in the furnace, the emissions of products of incomplete combustion rise during part-load operation. More primary air is necessary to decrease incomplete combustion products, thus preventing the successful implementation of the multi-air-staging technique. Experiments in the laboratory, and test and commercial firings assist in understanding the influence of different fuel characteristics on the combustion system, and detect practical potentials and limits of air staging. On this basis, concepts have been developed for an optimised operation of grate firings dependent on the fuel characteristics. These results promise a further improvement of combustion technology using wood fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Staiger, B. & Unterberger, S. & Berger, R. & Hein, Klaus R.G., 2005. "Development of an air staging technology to reduce NOx emissions in grate fired boilers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(8), pages 1429-1438.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:30:y:2005:i:8:p:1429-1438
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2004.02.013
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    Cited by:

    1. Sha, Long & Liu, Hui & Xu, Lianfei & Cao, Qingxi & Li, Qi & Wu, Shaohua, 2012. "Research on the elliptic aerodynamic field in a 1000 MW dual circle tangential firing single furnace ultra supercritical boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 364-373.
    2. Jing, Jianping & Li, Zhengqi & Zhu, Qunyi & Chen, Zhichao & Wang, Lin & Chen, Lizhe, 2011. "Influence of the outer secondary air vane angle on the gas/particle flow characteristics near the double swirl flow burner region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 258-267.
    3. Fan, Weidong & Li, Youyi & Lin, Zhengchun & Zhang, Mingchuan, 2010. "PDA research on a novel pulverized coal combustion technology for a large utility boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2141-2148.
    4. Cong, Kunlin & Zhang, Yanguo & Han, Feng & Li, Qinghai, 2019. "Influence of particle sizes on combustion characteristics of coal particles in oxygen-deficient atmosphere," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 840-848.
    5. Yin, Chungen & Rosendahl, Lasse & Clausen, Sønnik & Hvid, Søren L., 2012. "Characterizing and modeling of an 88 MW grate-fired boiler burning wheat straw: Experience and lessons," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 473-482.
    6. Wang, Junchao & Fan, Weidong & Li, Yu & Xiao, Meng & Wang, Kang & Ren, Peng, 2012. "The effect of air staged combustion on NOx emissions in dried lignite combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 725-736.
    7. Chen, Zhichao & Wang, Qingxiang & Wang, Bingnan & Zeng, Lingyan & Che, Miaomiao & Zhang, Xin & Li, Zhengqi, 2017. "Anthracite combustion characteristics and NOx formation of a 300MWe down-fired boiler with swirl burners at different loads after the implementation of a new combustion system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 133-141.
    8. Zhao, Zhenghui & Wang, Ruikun & Wu, Junhong & Yin, Qianqian & Wang, Chunbo, 2019. "Bottom ash characteristics and pollutant emission during the co-combustion of pulverized coal with high mass-percentage sewage sludge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 809-818.
    9. Li, Zhengqi & Liu, Guangkui & Chen, Zhichao & Zeng, Lingyan & Zhu, Qunyi, 2013. "Effect of angle of arch-supplied overfire air on flow, combustion characteristics and NOx emissions of a down-fired utility boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 377-386.
    10. Jing, Jianping & Li, Zhengqi & Wang, Lin & Chen, Lizhe & Yang, Guohua, 2011. "Influence of secondary air mass flow rates on gas/particle flow characteristics near the swirl burner region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3599-3605.
    11. Carlo Cravero & Davide Marsano, 2023. "Numerical Simulation of Melted Glass Flow Structures inside a Glass Furnace with Different Heat Release Profiles from Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-16, May.
    12. Robert Wejkowski & Sylwester Kalisz & Mateusz Tymoszuk & Szymon Ciukaj & Izabella Maj, 2021. "Full-Scale Investigation of Dry Sorbent Injection for NO x Emission Control and Mercury Retention," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-13, November.
    13. Tu, Yaojie & Zhou, Anqi & Xu, Mingchen & Yang, Wenming & Siah, Keng Boon & Subbaiah, Prabakaran, 2018. "NOX reduction in a 40 t/h biomass fired grate boiler using internal flue gas recirculation technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 962-973.
    14. Jing, Jianping & Li, Zhengqi & Zhu, Qunyi & Chen, Zhichao & Ren, Feng, 2011. "Influence of primary air ratio on flow and combustion characteristics and NOx emissions of a new swirl coal burner," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1206-1213.
    15. Carvalho, Lara & Wopienka, Elisabeth & Pointner, Christian & Lundgren, Joakim & Verma, Vijay Kumar & Haslinger, Walter & Schmidl, Christoph, 2013. "Performance of a pellet boiler fired with agricultural fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 286-296.
    16. Wang, Jialin & Kuang, Min & Zhao, Xiaojuan & Wu, Haiqian & Ti, Shuguang & Chen, Chuyang & Jiao, Long, 2020. "Trends of the low-NOx and high-burnout combustion characteristics in a cascade-arch, W-shaped flame furnace regarding with the staged-air angle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    17. Liu, Guangkui & Chen, Zhichao & Li, Zhengqi & Zong, Qiudong & Zhang, Hao, 2014. "Effect of the arch-supplied over-fire air ratio on gas/solid flow characteristics of a down-fired boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 95-109.
    18. Ma, Lun & Fang, Qingyan & Tan, Peng & Zhang, Cheng & Chen, Gang & Lv, Dangzhen & Duan, Xuenong & Chen, Yiping, 2016. "Effect of the separated overfire air location on the combustion optimization and NOx reduction of a 600MWe FW down-fired utility boiler with a novel combustion system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 104-115.
    19. Wang, Qingxiang & Chen, Zhichao & Wang, Jiaquan & Zeng, Lingyan & Zhang, Xin & Li, Xiaoguang & Li, Zhengqi, 2018. "Effects of secondary air distribution in primary combustion zone on combustion and NOx emissions of a large-scale down-fired boiler with air staging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 399-410.
    20. Mohamed Ali Mami & Hartmut Mätzing & Hans-Joachim Gehrmann & Dieter Stapf & Rainer Bolduan & Marzouk Lajili, 2018. "Investigation of the Olive Mill Solid Wastes Pellets Combustion in a Counter-Current Fixed Bed Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-21, July.
    21. Wang, Qingxiang & Chen, Zhichao & Wang, Liang & Zeng, Lingyan & Li, Zhengqi, 2018. "Application of eccentric-swirl-secondary-air combustion technology for high-efficiency and low-NOx performance on a large-scale down-fired boiler with swirl burners," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 358-368.

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