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Fault Detection in PV Tracking Systems Using an Image Processing Algorithm Based on PCA

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  • Tito G. Amaral

    (SustainRD, EST Setubal, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-508 Setúbal, Portugal)

  • Vitor Fernão Pires

    (SustainRD, EST Setubal, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-508 Setúbal, Portugal
    INESC-ID, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Armando J. Pires

    (SustainRD, EST Setubal, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-508 Setúbal, Portugal
    CTS-UNINOVA, 2829-516 Costa da Caparica, Portugal)

Abstract

Photovoltaic power plants nowadays play an important role in the context of energy generation based on renewable sources. With the purpose of obtaining maximum efficiency, the PV modules of these power plants are installed in trackers. However, the mobile structure of the trackers is subject to faults, which can compromise the desired perpendicular position between the PV modules and the brightest point in the sky. So, the diagnosis of a fault in the trackers is fundamental to ensure the maximum energy production. Approaches based on sensors and statistical methods have been researched but they are expensive and time consuming. To overcome these problems, a new method is proposed for the fault diagnosis in the trackers of the PV systems based on a machine learning approach. In this type of approach the developed method can be classified into two major categories: supervised and unsupervised. In accordance with this, to implement the desired fault diagnosis, an unsupervised method based on a new image processing algorithm to determine the PV slopes is proposed. The fault detection is obtained comparing the slopes of several modules. This algorithm is based on a new image processing approach in which principal component analysis (PCA) is used. Instead of using the PCA to reduce the data dimension, as is usual, it is proposed to use it to determine the slope of an object. The use of the proposed approach presents several benefits, namely, avoiding the use of a wide range of data and specific sensors, fast detection and reliability even with incomplete images due to reflections and other problems. Based on this algorithm, a deviation index is also proposed that will be used to discriminate the panel(s) under fault. Several test cases are used to test and validate the proposed approach. From the obtained results, it is possible to verify that the PCA can successfully be adapted and used in image processing algorithms to determine the slope of the PV modules and so effectively detect a fault in the tracker, even when there are incomplete parts of an object in the image.

Suggested Citation

  • Tito G. Amaral & Vitor Fernão Pires & Armando J. Pires, 2021. "Fault Detection in PV Tracking Systems Using an Image Processing Algorithm Based on PCA," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:21:p:7278-:d:671487
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    7. Yin Chen & Zhenli Tang & Xiaofeng Weng & Min He & Sheng Zhou & Ziqiang Liu & Tao Jin, 2024. "A Diagnostic Method for Open-Circuit Faults in DC Charging Stations Based on Improved S-Transform and LightGBM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-26, January.
    8. Grzegorz Ostasz & Dominika Siwiec & Andrzej Pacana, 2022. "Model to Determine the Best Modifications of Products with Consideration Customers’ Expectations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-21, October.
    9. Zhao, Xiaolong & Song, Chonghui & Zhang, Haifeng & Sun, Xianrui & Zhao, Jing, 2023. "HRNet-based automatic identification of photovoltaic module defects using electroluminescence images," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).

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