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An Energy Management System of Campus Microgrids: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

Author

Listed:
  • Hafiz Abdul Muqeet

    (Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan)

  • Hafiz Mudassir Munir

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan)

  • Haseeb Javed

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Shahzad

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Mohsin Jamil

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
    Department Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Josep M. Guerrero

    (The Villum Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark)

Abstract

The multiple uncertainties in a microgrid, such as limited photovoltaic generations, ups and downs in the market price, and controlling different loads, are challenging points in managing campus energy with multiple microgrid systems and are a hot topic of research in the current era. Microgrids deployed at multiple campuses can be successfully operated with an exemplary energy management system (EMS) to address these challenges, offering several solutions to minimize the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, maintenance costs, and peak load demands of the microgrid infrastructure. This literature survey presents a comparative analysis of multiple campus microgrids’ energy management at different universities in different locations, and it also studies different approaches to managing their peak demand and achieving the maximum output power for campus microgrids. In this paper, the analysis is also focused on managing and addressing the uncertain nature of renewable energies, considering the storage technologies implemented on various campuses. A comparative analysis was also considered for the energy management of campus microgrids, which were investigated with multiple optimization techniques, simulation tools, and different types of energy storage technologies. Finally, the challenges for future research are highlighted, considering campus microgrids’ importance globally. Moreover, this paper is expected to open innovative paths in the future for new researchers working in the domain of campus microgrids.

Suggested Citation

  • Hafiz Abdul Muqeet & Hafiz Mudassir Munir & Haseeb Javed & Muhammad Shahzad & Mohsin Jamil & Josep M. Guerrero, 2021. "An Energy Management System of Campus Microgrids: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-34, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6525-:d:653855
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