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Hydrogen as Energy Sources—Basic Concepts

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  • Nicolae I. Badea

    (Automatic Control and Electrical Engineering Department, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca Street No. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania)

Abstract

This paper covers the hydrogen technologies regarding the role of hydrogen as an energy carrier and the possibilities of its production and use. It is initially presented the modalities and the efficiency of the current technologies of obtaining hydrogen, detailing its obtaining by the electrolysis of the water, the electrochemical efficiency and the specific consumption of electricity as well as the thermodynamics of the electrochemical processes. The following paragraph addresses hydrogen conversion possibilities. This paragraph details the thermodynamic analysis of the fuel cell, the external characteristic of the fuel cell and the types of fuel cell. The last paragraph addresses the possibilities of using the fuel cells for electrical vehicles and cogeneration systems for buildings.In this context, the traditional transport and distribution grid will have to adapt to the new realities as they will need to actively participate in the internal energy market by the transformation of the traditional electricity grid in energy flow, from unidirectional to bidirectional through the production of hydrogen offering the same facilities as the gas grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolae I. Badea, 2021. "Hydrogen as Energy Sources—Basic Concepts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5783-:d:635014
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Onovwiona, H.I. & Ugursal, V.I., 2006. "Residential cogeneration systems: review of the current technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 389-431, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mateusz Wnukowski, 2023. "Methane Pyrolysis with the Use of Plasma: Review of Plasma Reactors and Process Products," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-34, September.
    2. Shashank Deepak Prabhu, 2025. "Understanding the Sustainable Hydrogen Generation Potential for the Region of Bavaria, Germany via Bio-Waste Processing Using Thermochemical Conversion Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-24, April.

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