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Process Analysis of Main Organic Compounds Dissolved in Aqueous Phase by Hydrothermal Processing of Açaí ( Euterpe oleraceae , Mart.) Seeds: Influence of Process Temperature, Biomass-to-Water Ratio, and Production Scales

Author

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  • Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva

    (Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil)

  • Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro

    (Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil)

  • Marcelo Costa Santos

    (Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil)

  • Hélio da Silva Almeida

    (Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
    Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil)

  • Maja Schultze

    (Leibnitz-Institüt für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornin e.V, Department of Postharvest Technology, Max-Eyth-Alee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany)

  • Ulf Lüder

    (SunCoal Industries GmbH, Rudolf-Diesel-Straße 15, 14974 Ludwigsfelde, Germany)

  • Thomas Hoffmann

    (Leibnitz-Institüt für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornin e.V, Department of Postharvest Technology, Max-Eyth-Alee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany)

  • Nélio Teixeira Machado

    (Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
    Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Belém 66075-900, Pará, Brazil
    Leibnitz-Institüt für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornin e.V, Department of Postharvest Technology, Max-Eyth-Alee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany)

Abstract

This work aims to systematically investigate the influence of process temperature, biomass-to-water ratio, and production scales (laboratory and pilot) on the chemical composition of aqueous and gaseous phases and mass production of chemicals by hydrothermal processing of Açaí ( Euterpe oleraceae , Mart.) seeds. The hydrothermal carbonization was carried out at 175, 200, 225, and 250 °C at 2 °C/min and a biomass-to-water ratio of 1:10; at 250 °C at 2 °C/min and biomass-to-water ratios of 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20 in technical scale; and at 200, 225, and 250 °C at 2 °C/min and a biomass-to-water ratio of 1:10 in laboratory scale. The elemental composition (C, H, N, S) in the solid phase was determined to compute the HHV. The chemical composition of the aqueous phase was determined by GC and HPLC and the volumetric composition of the gaseous phase using an infrared gas analyzer. For the experiments in the pilot test scale with a constant biomass-to-water ratio of 1:10, the yields of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases varied between 53.39 and 37.01% (wt.), 46.61 and 59.19% (wt.), and 0.00 and 3.80% (wt.), respectively. The yield of solids shows a smooth exponential decay with temperature, while that of liquid and gaseous phases showed a smooth growth. By varying the biomass-to-water ratios, the yields of solid, liquid, and gaseous reaction products varied between 53.39 and 32.09% (wt.), 46.61 and 67.28% (wt.), and 0.00 and 0.634% (wt.), respectively. The yield of solids decreased exponentially with increasing water-to-biomass ratio, and that of the liquid phase increased in a sigmoid fashion. For a constant biomass-to-water ratio, the concentrations of furfural and HMF decreased drastically with increasing temperature, reaching a minimum at 250 °C, while that of phenols increased. In addition, the concentrations of CH 3 COOH and total carboxylic acids increased, reaching a maximum concentration at 250 °C. For constant process temperature, the concentrations of aromatics varied smoothly with temperature. The concentrations of furfural, HMF, and catechol decreased with temperature, while that of phenols increased. The concentrations of CH 3 COOH and total carboxylic acids decreased exponentially with temperature. Finally, for the experiments with varying water-to-biomass ratios, the productions of chemicals (furfural, HMF, phenols, cathecol, and acetic acid) in the aqueous phase is highly dependent on the biomass-to-water ratio. For the experiments at the laboratory scale with a constant biomass-to-water ratio of 1:10, the yields of solids ranged between 55.9 and 51.1% (wt.), showing not only a linear decay with temperature but also a lower degradation grade. The chemical composition of main organic compounds (furfural, HMF, phenols, catechol, and acetic acid) dissolved in the aqueous phase in laboratory-scale study showed the same behavior as those obtained in the pilot-scale study.

Suggested Citation

  • Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Marcelo Costa Santos & Hélio da Silva Almeida & Maja Schultze & Ulf Lüder & Thomas Hoffmann & Nélio Teixeira Machado, 2021. "Process Analysis of Main Organic Compounds Dissolved in Aqueous Phase by Hydrothermal Processing of Açaí ( Euterpe oleraceae , Mart.) Seeds: Influence of Process Temperature, Biomass-to-Water Ratio, a," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-24, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5608-:d:630742
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michela Lucian & Luca Fiori, 2017. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Process Design, Modeling, Energy Efficiency and Cost Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Ayaz Ali Shah & Saqib Sohail Toor & Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen & Thomas Helmer Pedersen & Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl, 2021. "Bio-Crude Production through Recycling of Pretreated Aqueous Phase via Activated Carbon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Sarah K. Bauer & Fangwei Cheng & Lisa M. Colosi, 2019. "Evaluating the Impacts of ACP Management on the Energy Performance of Hydrothermal Liquefaction via Nutrient Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Silvia Román & Judy Libra & Nicole Berge & Eduardo Sabio & Kyoung Ro & Liang Li & Beatriz Ledesma & Andrés Álvarez & Sunyoung Bae, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-28, January.
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    1. Tiago Teribele & Maria Elizabeth Gemaque Costa & Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva & Lia Martins Pereira & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Mar, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover: Structural Evolution of Hydro-Char and Degradation Kinetics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Gérson Daniel Valdez & Flávio Pinheiro Valois & Sammy Jonatan Bremer & Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra & Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro & Marcelo Costa Santos & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Waldeci Paraguassu F, 2023. "Improving the Bio-Oil Quality of Residual Biomass Pyrolysis by Chemical Activation: Effect of Alkalis and Acid Pre-Treatment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Maria Elizabeth Gemaque Costa & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Tiago Teribele & Lia Martins Pereira & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Marcelo Costa Santo & Carlos Emerson Ferreira da Costa & Maj, 2021. "Characterization of Bio-Adsorbents Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover: Application on the Adsorption of Acetic Acid from Aqueous Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.

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