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Risks and Safety of CO 2 Transport via Pipeline: A Review of Risk Analysis and Modeling Approaches for Accidental Releases

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  • Matteo Vitali

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche (DIISM), Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona (AN), Italy)

  • Cristina Zuliani

    (Saipem S.p.A., Via Toniolo 1, 61032 Fano (PU), Italy)

  • Francesco Corvaro

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche (DIISM), Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona (AN), Italy)

  • Barbara Marchetti

    (Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università degli studi E-Campus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy)

  • Alessandro Terenzi

    (Saipem S.p.A., Via Toniolo 1, 61032 Fano (PU), Italy)

  • Fabrizio Tallone

    (Saipem S.p.A., Via Toniolo 1, 61032 Fano (PU), Italy)

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage is considered an effective mitigation strategy to reduce the most challenging emissions from heavy industries and gas processing. The safe transport of carbon dioxide via pipelines is an important aspect for developing large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage projects. Dispersion modeling for heavy gas such as carbon dioxide is considerably different from natural gas. The set up for modeling simulations is more challenging than conventional natural gas pipeline for several reasons, such as the differences in thermodynamics that must be considered. Moreover, when the carbon dioxide is transported in dense or liquid phase, the rapid phase changing, and possible consequent formation of solids should be considered. Finally, the equation of state required for accurate prediction of parameters is generally different than the ones applicable for natural gas. The main scope of this comprehensive review is to identify the most important parameters, critical events, suitable models, and identification of dispersion modeling issues. An extensive literature review of experiments conducted in the last ten years has been developed, experimental data, integral and simplified model, as well as CFD modeling issues has been identified and reported in the work proposed to highlight the advances and the gaps that could need further research activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Matteo Vitali & Cristina Zuliani & Francesco Corvaro & Barbara Marchetti & Alessandro Terenzi & Fabrizio Tallone, 2021. "Risks and Safety of CO 2 Transport via Pipeline: A Review of Risk Analysis and Modeling Approaches for Accidental Releases," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4601-:d:604350
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Xiong & Godbole, Ajit & Lu, Cheng & Michal, Guillaume & Venton, Philip, 2014. "Source strength and dispersion of CO2 releases from high-pressure pipelines: CFD model using real gas equation of state," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 56-68.
    2. Marta G. Plaza & Sergio Martínez & Fernando Rubiera, 2020. "CO 2 Capture, Use, and Storage in the Cement Industry: State of the Art and Expectations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-28, October.
    3. Liu, Xiong & Godbole, Ajit & Lu, Cheng & Michal, Guillaume & Linton, Valerie, 2019. "Investigation of the consequence of high-pressure CO2 pipeline failure through experimental and numerical studies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 32-47.
    4. Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Caramanna, Giorgio & Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes, 2014. "An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 426-443.
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    6. Guo, Xiaolu & Yan, Xingqing & Zheng, Yangguang & Yu, Jianliang & Zhang, Yongchun & Chen, Shaoyun & Chen, Lin & Mahgerefteh, Haroun & Martynov, Sergey & Collard, Alexander & Brown, Solomon, 2017. "Under-expanded jets and dispersion in high pressure CO2 releases from an industrial scale pipeline," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 53-66.
    7. Fan, Xing & Wang, Yangle & Zhou, Yuan & Chen, Jingtan & Huang, Yanping & Wang, Junfeng, 2018. "Experimental study of supercritical CO2 leakage behavior from pressurized vessels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 342-350.
    8. Steven Jackson, 2020. "Development of a Model for the Estimation of the Energy Consumption Associated with the Transportation of CO 2 in Pipelines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-17, May.
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