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Design of Heat-Pump Systems for Single- and Multi-Family Houses using a Heuristic Scheduling for the Optimization of PV Self-Consumption

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  • Thomas Kemmler

    (Reutlingen Center for Energy Research (REZ), Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany)

  • Bernd Thomas

    (Reutlingen Center for Energy Research (REZ), Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany)

Abstract

Heat pumps in combination with a photovoltaic system are a very promising option for the transformation of the energy system. By using such a system for coupling the electricity and heat sectors, buildings can be heated sustainably and with low greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reveals a method for dimensioning a suitable system of heat pump and photovoltaics (PV) for residential buildings in order to achieve a high level of (photovoltaic) PV self-consumption. This is accomplished by utilizing a thermal energy storage (TES) for shifting the operation of the heat pump to times of high PV power production by an intelligent control algorithm, which yields a high portion of PV power directly utilized by the heat pump. In order to cover the existing set of building infrastructure, 4 reference buildings with different years of construction are introduced for both single- and multi-family residential buildings. By this means, older buildings with radiator heating as well as new buildings with floor heating systems are included. The simulations for evaluating the performance of a heat pump/PV system controlled by the novel algorithm for each type of building were carried out in MATLAB-Simulink ® 2017a. The results show that 25.3% up to 41.0% of the buildings’ electricity consumption including the heat pump can be covered directly from the PV-installation per year. Evidently, the characteristics of the heating system significantly influence the results: new buildings with floor heating and low supply temperatures yield a higher level of PV self-consumption due to a higher efficiency of the heat pump compared to buildings with radiator heating and higher supply temperatures. In addition, the effect of adding a battery to the system was studied for two building types. It will be shown that the degree of PV self-consumption increases in case a battery is present. However, due to the high investment costs of batteries, they do not pay off within a reasonable period.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Kemmler & Bernd Thomas, 2020. "Design of Heat-Pump Systems for Single- and Multi-Family Houses using a Heuristic Scheduling for the Optimization of PV Self-Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:5:p:1118-:d:327373
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rashid, Khalid & Safdarnejad, Seyed Mostafa & Ellingwood, Kevin & Powell, Kody M., 2019. "Techno-economic evaluation of different hybridization schemes for a solar thermal/gas power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 91-106.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wei, Zhichen & Calautit, John, 2023. "Predictive control of low-temperature heating system with passive thermal mass energy storage and photovoltaic system: Impact of occupancy patterns and climate change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    2. Rafał Figaj & Maciej Żołądek & Wojciech Goryl, 2020. "Dynamic Simulation and Energy Economic Analysis of a Household Hybrid Ground-Solar-Wind System Using TRNSYS Software," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-27, July.
    3. Modawy Adam Ali Abdalla & Wang Min & Omer Abbaker Ahmed Mohammed, 2020. "Two-Stage Energy Management Strategy of EV and PV Integrated Smart Home to Minimize Electricity Cost and Flatten Power Load Profile," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Krzysztof Nowak & Sławomir Rabczak, 2020. "Technical and Economic Analysis of the External Surface Heating System on the Example of a Car Park," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Sebastian Pater, 2023. "Increasing Energy Self-Consumption in Residential Photovoltaic Systems with Heat Pumps in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-14, May.

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