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Smart Water Technology for Efficient Water Resource Management: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Aditya Dinesh Gupta

    (Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, College of Engineering Pune, Pune 411005, India)

  • Prerna Pandey

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India)

  • Andrés Feijóo

    (Departamento de Enxeñería Eléctrica-Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain)

  • Zaher Mundher Yaseen

    (Sustainable Developments in Civil Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam)

  • Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde

    (Department of Engineering—Renewable Energy and Thermodynamics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

Abstract

According to the United Nation’s World Water Development Report, by 2050 more than 50% of the world’s population will be under high water scarcity. To avoid water stress, water resources are needed to be managed more securely. Smart water technology (SWT) has evolved for proper management and saving of water resources. Smart water system (SWS) uses sensor, information, and communication technology (ICT) to provide real-time monitoring of data such as pressure, water ow, water quality, moisture, etc. with the capability to detect any abnormalities such as non-revenue water (NRW) losses, water contamination in the water distribution system (WDS). It makes water and energy utilization more efficient in the water treatment plant and agriculture. In addition, the standardization of data format i.e., use of Water Mark UP language 2.0 has made data exchange easier for between different water authorities. This review research exhibits the current state-of-the-art of the on-going SWT along with present challenges and future scope on the mentioned technologies. A conclusion is drawn that smart technologies can lead to better water resource management, which can lead to the reduction of water scarcity worldwide. High implementation cost may act as a barrier to the implementation of SWT in developing countries, whereas data security and its reliability along with system ability to give accurate results are some of the key challenges in its field implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Aditya Dinesh Gupta & Prerna Pandey & Andrés Feijóo & Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde, 2020. "Smart Water Technology for Efficient Water Resource Management: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-23, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6268-:d:452399
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Laura Monteiro & Raquel Cristina & Dídia Covas, 2021. "Water and Energy Efficiency Assessment in Urban Green Spaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Bansal, Sanchita & Singh, Shifali & Nangia, Priya, 2022. "Assessing the role of natural resource utilization in attaining select sustainable development goals in the era of digitalization," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Pereira Teodoro da Silva, Kairo & Kalbusch, Andreza & Henning, Elisa, 2023. "Detection of unauthorized consumption in water supply systems: A case study using logistic regression," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    6. Cahn, Amir & Katz, David & Ghermandi, Andrea & Prevos, Peter, 2023. "Adoption of data-as-a-service by water and wastewater utilities," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).

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