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The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Lignin Separation from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author

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  • Isa Hasanov

    (Institute of Technology, Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51006 Tartu, Estonia)

  • Merlin Raud

    (Institute of Technology, Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51006 Tartu, Estonia)

  • Timo Kikas

    (Institute of Technology, Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51006 Tartu, Estonia)

Abstract

Lignin is a natural polymer, one that has an abundant and renewable resource in biomass. Due to a tendency towards the use of biochemicals, the efficient utilization of lignin has gained wide attention. The delignification of lignocellulosic biomass makes its fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) susceptible to easier transformation to many different commodities like energy, chemicals, and materials that could be produced using the biorefinery concept. This review gives an overview of the field of lignin separation from lignocellulosic biomass and changes that occur in the biomass during this process, as well as taking a detailed look at the influence of parameters that lead the process of dissolution. According to recent studies, a number of ionic liquids (ILs) have shown a level of potential for industrial scale production in terms of the pretreatment of biomass. ILs are perspective green solvents for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. These properties in ILs enable one to disrupt the complex structure of lignocellulose. In addition, the physicochemical properties of aprotic and protic ionic liquids (PILs) are summarized, with those properties making them suitable solvents for lignocellulose pretreatment which, especially, target lignin. The aim of the paper is to focus on the separation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, by keeping all components susceptible for biorefinery processes. The discussion includes interaction mechanisms between lignocellulosic biomass subcomponents and ILs to increase the lignin yield. According to our research, certain PILs have potential for the cost reduction of LC biomass pretreatment on the feasible separation of lignin.

Suggested Citation

  • Isa Hasanov & Merlin Raud & Timo Kikas, 2020. "The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Lignin Separation from Lignocellulosic Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4864-:d:414984
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chio, Chonlong & Sain, Mohini & Qin, Wensheng, 2019. "Lignin utilization: A review of lignin depolymerization from various aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 232-249.
    2. Raud, M. & Kikas, T. & Sippula, O. & Shurpali, N.J., 2019. "Potentials and challenges in lignocellulosic biofuel production technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 44-56.
    3. Wen, Jia-Long & Sun, Shao-Long & Yuan, Tong-Qi & Xu, Feng & Sun, Run-Cang, 2014. "Understanding the chemical and structural transformations of lignin macromolecule during torrefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 1-9.
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    1. Pin, Thaynara C. & Nakasu, Pedro S.Y. & Rabelo, Sarita C. & Costa, Aline C., 2021. "Structural features of protic ionic liquids and their impact on pretreatment performance for 2G ethanol production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    2. Radhakrishnan, Rokesh & Patra, Pradipta & Das, Manali & Ghosh, Amit, 2021. "Recent advancements in the ionic liquid mediated lignin valorization for the production of renewable materials and value-added chemicals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    3. Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw & Aleksander Stańczuk, 2022. "From Waste Biomass to Cellulosic Ethanol by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) with Trichoderma viride," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.

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