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Smart Campus: An Experimental Performance Comparison of Collaborative and Cooperative Schemes for Wireless Sensor Network

Author

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  • Carolina Del-Valle-Soto

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Álvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, Jalisco 45010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Leonardo J. Valdivia

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Álvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, Jalisco 45010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ramiro Velázquez

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer 101, Aguascalientes 20290, Mexico)

  • Luis Rizo-Dominguez

    (ITESO, Universidad Jesuita en Guadalajara, San Pedro Tlaquepaque 45604, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Juan-Carlos López-Pimentel

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Álvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, Jalisco 45010, Mexico)

Abstract

Presently, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept involves a scattered collection of different multipurpose sensor networks that capture information, which is further processed and used in applications such as smart cities. These networks can send large amounts of information in a fairly efficient but insecure wireless environment. Energy consumption is a key aspect of sensor networks since most of the time, they are battery powered and placed in not easily accessible locations. Therefore, and regardless of the final application, wireless sensor networks require a careful energy consumption analysis that allows selection of the best operating protocol and energy optimization scheme. In this paper, a set of performance metrics is defined to objectively compare different kinds of protocols. Four of the most popular IoT protocols are selected: Zigbee, LoRa, Bluethooth, and WiFi. To test and compare their performance, multiple sensors are placed at different points of a university campus to create a network that can accurately simulate a smart city. Finally, the network is analyzed in detail using two different schemes: collaborative and cooperative.

Suggested Citation

  • Carolina Del-Valle-Soto & Leonardo J. Valdivia & Ramiro Velázquez & Luis Rizo-Dominguez & Juan-Carlos López-Pimentel, 2019. "Smart Campus: An Experimental Performance Comparison of Collaborative and Cooperative Schemes for Wireless Sensor Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:16:p:3135-:d:257848
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lee, In & Lee, Kyoochun, 2015. "The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 58(4), pages 431-440.
    2. Babayo, Aliyu Aliyu & Anisi, Mohammad Hossein & Ali, Ihsan, 2017. "A Review on energy management schemes in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1176-1184.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michela Borghetti & Edoardo Cantù & Emilio Sardini & Mauro Serpelloni, 2020. "Future Sensors for Smart Objects by Printing Technologies in Industry 4.0 Scenario," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Francisco Maciá Pérez & José Vicente Berna Martínez & Iren Lorenzo Fonseca, 2021. "Modelling and Implementing Smart Universities: An IT Conceptual Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, March.
    3. Carolina Del-Valle-Soto & Carlos Mex-Perera & Juan Arturo Nolazco-Flores & Ramiro Velázquez & Alberto Rossa-Sierra, 2020. "Wireless Sensor Network Energy Model and Its Use in the Optimization of Routing Protocols," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-33, February.

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