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Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of the Increased Electricity Demand Associated with the Penetration of Electric Vehicles in Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Zaira Navas-Anguita

    (Systems Analysis Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, E-28935 Móstoles, Spain)

  • Diego García-Gusano

    (Systems Analysis Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, E-28935 Móstoles, Spain)

  • Diego Iribarren

    (Systems Analysis Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, E-28935 Móstoles, Spain)

Abstract

The penetration of electric vehicles (EV) seems to be a forthcoming reality in the transport sector worldwide, involving significant increases in electricity demand. However, many countries such as Spain have not yet set binding policy targets in this regard. When compared to a business-as-usual situation, this work evaluates the life-cycle consequences of the increased electricity demand of the Spanish road transport technology mix until 2050. This is done by combining Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Systems Modelling under three alternative scenarios based on the low, medium, or high penetration rate of EV. In all cases, EV deployment is found to involve a relatively small percentage (<4%) of the final electricity demand. Wind power and waste-to-energy plants arise as the main technologies responsible for meeting the increased electricity demand associated with EV penetration. When considering a high market penetration (20 million EV by 2050), the highest annual impacts potentially caused by the additional electricity demand are 0.93 Mt CO 2 eq, 0.25 kDALY, and 30.34 PJ in terms of climate change, human health, and resources, respectively. Overall, EV penetration is concluded to slightly affect the national power generation sector, whereas it could dramatically reduce the life-cycle impacts associated with conventional transport.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaira Navas-Anguita & Diego García-Gusano & Diego Iribarren, 2018. "Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of the Increased Electricity Demand Associated with the Penetration of Electric Vehicles in Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1185-:d:145161
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhaoxi Liu & Qiuwei Wu & Arne Hejde Nielsen & Yun Wang, 2014. "Day-Ahead Energy Planning with 100% Electric Vehicle Penetration in the Nordic Region by 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Qian Zhang & Xunmin Ou & Xiaoyu Yan & Xiliang Zhang, 2017. "Electric Vehicle Market Penetration and Impacts on Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emission in the Future: Beijing Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-15, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Park, Musik & Wang, Zhiyuan & Li, Lanyu & Wang, Xiaonan, 2023. "Multi-objective building energy system optimization considering EV infrastructure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    2. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Lago Sari, Rafael & Tripathi, Shashwat, 2022. "Life cycle CO₂ footprint reduction comparison of hybrid and electric buses for bus transit networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Paul Baustert & Tomás Navarrete Gutiérrez & Thomas Gibon & Laurent Chion & Tai-Yu Ma & Gabriel Leite Mariante & Sylvain Klein & Philippe Gerber & Enrico Benetto, 2019. "Coupling Activity-Based Modeling and Life Cycle Assessment—A Proof-of-Concept Study on Cross-Border Commuting in Luxembourg," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-24, July.
    4. Kaixin Huang & Matthew J. Eckelman, 2022. "Appending material flows to the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) for projecting the physical economy of the United States," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(1), pages 294-308, February.
    5. Navas-Anguita, Zaira & García-Gusano, Diego & Dufour, Javier & Iribarren, Diego, 2020. "Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of a national hydrogen production mix for road transport," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    6. Borasio, M. & Moret, S., 2022. "Deep decarbonisation of regional energy systems: A novel modelling approach and its application to the Italian energy transition," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    7. Navas-Anguita, Zaira & García-Gusano, Diego & Iribarren, Diego, 2019. "A review of techno-economic data for road transportation fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 11-26.
    8. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Lago Sari, Rafael & Tripathi, Shashwat, 2022. "Pathways to achieve future CO2 emission reduction targets for bus transit networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    9. Thomas Betten & Shivenes Shammugam & Roberta Graf, 2020. "Adjustment of the Life Cycle Inventory in Life Cycle Assessment for the Flexible Integration into Energy Systems Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.

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