IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jcltec/v7y2025i2p44-d1669547.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Ex Situ Carbon Mineralization for CO 2 Capture Using Industrial Alkaline Wastes—Optimization and Future Prospects: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Hamideh Hamedi

    (Clean Energy Innovation Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada)

  • Giovanna Gonzales-Calienes

    (Clean Energy Innovation Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada)

  • Jalil Shadbahr

    (Clean Energy Innovation Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada)

Abstract

Carbon mineralization has attracted great interest as a promising strategy to achieve a decarbonized pathway by 2050. Despite the significant environmental and economic promise associated with using industrial solid waste for carbon mineralization, the scale-up application of this approach is limited due to its low reactivity and relatively high cost. A clear understanding of the detailed mechanisms governing various carbonation techniques is needed to achieve high CO 2 conversion efficiency. This review can provide valuable insight into carbon mineralization pathways, advantages and challenges, and potential feedstocks. Factors affecting reaction kinetics, and thereby carbonation efficiency, are also discussed. Then, we focus on the research progress of the most representative industrial solid wastes for CO 2 mineralization, process conditions, and their carbonation potential. Lastly, a market analysis of the precipitated carbonate products is provided to assess economic feasibility for practical applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamideh Hamedi & Giovanna Gonzales-Calienes & Jalil Shadbahr, 2025. "Ex Situ Carbon Mineralization for CO 2 Capture Using Industrial Alkaline Wastes—Optimization and Future Prospects: A Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-37, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:7:y:2025:i:2:p:44-:d:1669547
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/7/2/44/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/7/2/44/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ali Y. Al-Bakri & Haitham M. Ahmed & Mohammed A. Hefni, 2022. "Cement Kiln Dust (CKD): Potential Beneficial Applications and Eco-Sustainable Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Gert Jan Kramer & Martin Haigh, 2009. "No quick switch to low-carbon energy," Nature, Nature, vol. 462(7273), pages 568-569, December.
    3. Said, Arshe & Laukkanen, Timo & Järvinen, Mika, 2016. "Pilot-scale experimental work on carbon dioxide sequestration using steelmaking slag," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 602-611.
    4. Al Baroudi, Hisham & Awoyomi, Adeola & Patchigolla, Kumar & Jonnalagadda, Kranthi & Anthony, E.J., 2021. "A review of large-scale CO2 shipping and marine emissions management for carbon capture, utilisation and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    5. Rickels, Wilfried & Rehdanz, Katrin & Oschlies, Andreas, 2012. "Economic prospects of ocean iron fertilization in an international carbon market," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 129-150.
    6. Maciej Zajac & Jan Skocek & Mohsen Ben Haha & Jan Deja, 2022. "CO 2 Mineralization Methods in Cement and Concrete Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, May.
    7. Nduagu, Experience & Romão, Inês & Fagerlund, Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2013. "Performance assessment of producing Mg(OH)2 for CO2 mineral sequestration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 116-126.
    8. Jun-Hwan Bang & Seung-Woo Lee & Chiwan Jeon & Sangwon Park & Kyungsun Song & Whan Joo Jo & Soochun Chae, 2016. "Leaching of Metal Ions from Blast Furnace Slag by Using Aqua Regia for CO 2 Mineralization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-13, November.
    9. Qin, Chao & Jiang, Yongdong & Zhou, Junping & Zuo, Shuangying & Chen, Shiwan & Liu, Zhengjie & Yin, Hong & Li, Ye, 2022. "Influence of supercritical CO2 exposure on water wettability of shale: Implications for CO2 sequestration and shale gas recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    10. Naraharisetti, Pavan Kumar & Yeo, Tze Yuen & Bu, Jie, 2019. "New classification of CO2 mineralization processes and economic evaluation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 220-233.
    11. Hosseini, Tahereh & Haque, Nawshad & Selomulya, Cordelia & Zhang, Lian, 2016. "Mineral carbonation of Victorian brown coal fly ash using regenerative ammonium chloride – Process simulation and techno-economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 54-68.
    12. Chu, Guanrun & Li, Chun & Liu, Weizao & Zhang, Guoquan & Yue, Hairong & Liang, Bin & Wang, Ye & Luo, Dongmei, 2019. "Facile and cost-efficient indirect carbonation of blast furnace slag with multiple high value-added products through a completely wet process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1314-1322.
    13. Elspeth Spence & Emily Cox & Nick Pidgeon, 2021. "Exploring cross-national public support for the use of enhanced weathering as a land-based carbon dioxide removal strategy," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 165(1), pages 1-18, March.
    14. Eloneva, Sanni & Said, Arshe & Fogelholm, Carl-Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2012. "Preliminary assessment of a method utilizing carbon dioxide and steelmaking slags to produce precipitated calcium carbonate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 329-334.
    15. Li, Hongwei & Tang, Zhigang & Li, Na & Cui, Longpeng & Mao, Xian-zhong, 2020. "Mechanism and process study on steel slag enhancement for CO2 capture by seawater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ren, Shan & Aldahri, Tahani & Liu, Weizao & Liang, Bin, 2021. "CO2 mineral sequestration by using blast furnace slag: From batch to continuous experiments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    2. Yuan, Haitao & Yu, Wenzhou & Wen, Jiale & Yang, Fan & Nyarko-Appiah, Joseph Emmanuel & Bai, Chenguang, 2024. "A new strategy for CO2 storage and Al2O3 recovery from blast furnace slag and coal fly ash by employing vacuum reduction and alkali dissolution methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Zevenhoven, Ron & Legendre, Daniel & Said, Arshe & Järvinen, Mika, 2019. "Carbon dioxide dissolution and ammonia losses in bubble columns for precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1121-1129.
    4. Li, Hongwei & Zhang, Rongjun & Wang, Tianye & Wu, Yu & Xu, Run & Wang, Qiang & Tang, Zhigang, 2022. "Performance evaluation and environment risk assessment of steel slag enhancement for seawater to capture CO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    5. Pan, Shu-Yuan & Lorente Lafuente, Ana Maria & Chiang, Pen-Chi, 2016. "Engineering, environmental and economic performance evaluation of high-gravity carbonation process for carbon capture and utilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 269-277.
    6. Hosseini, Tahereh & Haque, Nawshad & Selomulya, Cordelia & Zhang, Lian, 2016. "Mineral carbonation of Victorian brown coal fly ash using regenerative ammonium chloride – Process simulation and techno-economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 54-68.
    7. Natalia Czaplicka & Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa, 2020. "Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-Rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-25, November.
    8. Naraharisetti, Pavan Kumar & Yeo, Tze Yuen & Bu, Jie, 2019. "New classification of CO2 mineralization processes and economic evaluation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 220-233.
    9. Zhang, Weifeng & Xu, Yuanlong & Wang, Qiuhua, 2022. "Coupled CO2 absorption and mineralization with low-concentration monoethanolamine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    10. Dongdong Fang & Lihui Zhang & Linjiang Zou & Feng Duan, 2021. "Effect of leaching parameters on the composition of adsorbents derived from steel slag and their CO2 capture characteristics," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 11(5), pages 924-938, October.
    11. Vega, F. & Baena-Moreno, F.M. & Gallego Fernández, Luz M. & Portillo, E. & Navarrete, B. & Zhang, Zhien, 2020. "Current status of CO2 chemical absorption research applied to CCS: Towards full deployment at industrial scale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    12. Li, Long & Liu, Weizao & Qin, Zhifeng & Zhang, Guoquan & Yue, Hairong & Liang, Bin & Tang, Shengwei & Luo, Dongmei, 2021. "Research on integrated CO2 absorption-mineralization and regeneration of absorbent process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    13. Ingeborg Treu Røe & Pauline Oeuvray & Marco Mazzotti & Simon Roussanaly, 2024. "Comparative Assessments of At-Sea and Inland Low- and Medium-Pressure CO 2 Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-21, December.
    14. Xiao Sun & Qi Cheng & Jiren Tang & Xing Guo & Yunzhong Jia & Jingfu Mu & Guilin Zhao & Yalu Liu, 2023. "Assessment of the CO 2 Geological Storage Potential of Yanchang Shale Gas Formation (Chang7 Member) Considering the Capillary Sealing Capability of Caprock," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-15, October.
    15. Xu, Chao & Wang, Wenjing & Wang, Kai & Zhou, Aitao & Guo, Lin & Yang, Tong, 2023. "Filling–adsorption mechanism and diffusive transport characteristics of N2/CO2 in coal: Experiment and molecular simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    16. Qin, Chao & Jiang, Yongdong & Cao, Mengyao & Zhou, Junping & Song, Xiao & Zuo, Shuangying & Chen, Shiwan & Luo, Yahuang & Xiao, Siyou & Yin, Hong & Du, Xidong, 2023. "Experimental study on the methane desorption-diffusion behavior of Longmaxi shale exposure to supercritical CO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    17. Gosens, Jorrit, 2017. "Natural resource endowment is not a strong driver of wind or PV development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1007-1018.
    18. Chang, Yuan & Gao, Siqi & Ma, Qian & Wei, Ying & Li, Guoping, 2024. "Techno-economic analysis of carbon capture and utilization technologies and implications for China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    19. Dion M. F. Frampton & Nawshad Haque & David I. Verrelli & Geoff J. Dumsday & Kim Jye Lee-Chang, 2021. "Process Design Guided by Life Cycle Assessment to Reduce Greenhouse Gas-Related Environmental Impacts of Food Processing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, June.
    20. Luciano Barcellos-Paula & Anna María Gil-Lafuente & Aline Castro-Rezende, 2023. "Algorithm Applied to SDG13: A Case Study of Ibero-American Countries," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:7:y:2025:i:2:p:44-:d:1669547. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.