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Carbon dioxide dissolution and ammonia losses in bubble columns for precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) production

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  • Zevenhoven, Ron
  • Legendre, Daniel
  • Said, Arshe
  • Järvinen, Mika

Abstract

The slag2PCC concept aims at transforming steelmaking slag into precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) with market value. This paper reports on R&D work on two features that impact the overall performance and costs of slag2PCC as a carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) technology. Operating near ambient conditions, calcium is selectively leached from steelmaking slag using aqueous ammonium salt solvent, followed by carbonation using a CO2-containing stream. Separators for removing spent slag and PCC connect two reactors for extraction and carbonation, respectively, between which the solvent solution is cycling. One requirement is effective conversion of the CO2 fed to the system: while the dissolution of CO2 is the rate-liming step it is essential to minimise release of unreacted CO2. Mixing the solutions enhances mass transfer. High-speed video recordings were made around mixers located at various heights in a bubble column, analysing CO2 bubble swarm dissolution. A second feature studied are losses of ammonia (NH3) from the solution. An outlet for unreacted gas presents a risk of NH3 vapour release, which lowers solution alkalinity while adding costs. Multicomponent mixture mass transfer analysis showed that diffusion of NH3 into CO2 bubbles may be significant at least during initial stages of dissolution. Experimental findings were verified.

Suggested Citation

  • Zevenhoven, Ron & Legendre, Daniel & Said, Arshe & Järvinen, Mika, 2019. "Carbon dioxide dissolution and ammonia losses in bubble columns for precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1121-1129.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:175:y:2019:i:c:p:1121-1129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.112
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Said, Arshe & Laukkanen, Timo & Järvinen, Mika, 2016. "Pilot-scale experimental work on carbon dioxide sequestration using steelmaking slag," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 602-611.
    2. Ma, Shuangchen & Chen, Gongda & Zhu, Sijie & Han, Tingting & Yu, Weijing, 2016. "Mass transfer of ammonia escape and CO2 absorption in CO2 capture using ammonia solution in bubbling reactor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 354-362.
    3. Sanni Eloneva & Pekka Mannisto & Arshe Said & Carl‐Johan Fogelholm & Ron Zevenhoven, 2011. "Ammonium salt‐based steelmaking slag carbonation: Precipitation of CaCO 3 and ammonia losses assessment," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 1(4), pages 305-311, December.
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    5. Ma, Shuangchen & Chen, Gongda & Zhu, Sijie & Wen, Jiaqi & Gao, Ran & Ma, Lan & Chai, Jin, 2016. "Experimental study of mixed additive of Ni(II) and piperazine on ammonia escape in CO2 capture using ammonia solution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 597-606.
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