IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jadmsc/v15y2025i11p406-d1776653.html

Prediction and Ranking of Corporate Diversity in European and American Firms

Author

Listed:
  • Iñigo Martín-Melero

    (Business Administration Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain)

  • Felipe Hernández-Perlines

    (Business Administration Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain)

  • Raúl Gómez-Martínez

    (Business Economics Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain)

  • María Luisa Medrano-García

    (Business Economics Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Currently, corporate social responsibility and environmental/social/governance topics are gaining more relevance in business and finance. Attention to corporate diversity in boards and the workforce is included in this trend. Although most studies focus on executive boards and objective scores, the perception of diversity by employees and its rankability are not fully understood or researched. In this paper, we analyze corporate diversity rankings from the perspective of predictive and prescriptive analytics. Inside predictive analytics, the perceived diversity of a sample of 350 European diversity leader companies is predicted by using three different feature sets (raw financial data, ratios and objective diversity variables) and three machine learning algorithms (K Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree). The best performing algorithm is the Decision Tree, and all three feature sets outperform one random dummy algorithm; the best performing set is the financial ratios set. Inside prescriptive analytics, several rankings involving American companies are intersected and compared in three exercises (studying diversity categorization, ethnic origin and comparing diversity with other unrelated metrics). From these, global rankings were built to search for the best possible agreement among the rankings. These results with both predictive and prescriptive analytics encourage managers to strategize and include diversity in management, as well as employ new technologies in their decision-making processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Iñigo Martín-Melero & Felipe Hernández-Perlines & Raúl Gómez-Martínez & María Luisa Medrano-García, 2025. "Prediction and Ranking of Corporate Diversity in European and American Firms," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-42, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:15:y:2025:i:11:p:406-:d:1776653
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/15/11/406/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/15/11/406/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Benjamin P. Foster & Andrew S. Manikas & James R. Kroes, 2023. "Which diversity measures best capture public company value?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(1), pages 236-247, January.
    2. Carlos De Abreu Dos Reis & Miguel Sastre Castillo & Salvador Roig Dobón, 2007. "Diversity and business performance: 50 years of research," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 1(4), pages 257-274, December.
    3. Inigo Martin-Melero & Raul Gomez-Martinez & Maria Luisa Medrano-Garcia & Felipe Hernandez-Perlines, 2025. "Comparison of sectorial and financial data for ESG scoring of mutual funds with machine learning," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-31, December.
    4. Fred Glover & T. Klastorin & D. Kongman, 1974. "Optimal Weighted Ancestry Relationships," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 20(8), pages 1190-1193, April.
    5. Karthik Balakrishnan & Rafael Copat & Daniela De La Parra & K. Ramesh, 2023. "Racial Diversity Exposure and Firm Responses Following the Murder of George Floyd," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 61(3), pages 737-804, June.
    6. Martin Grötschel & Michael Jünger & Gerhard Reinelt, 1984. "A Cutting Plane Algorithm for the Linear Ordering Problem," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 32(6), pages 1195-1220, December.
    7. Niclas L. Erhardt & James D. Werbel & Charles B. Shrader, 2003. "Board of Director Diversity and Firm Financial Performance," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), pages 102-111, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zuo, Zhiya & Zhao, Kang, 2018. "The more multidisciplinary the better? – The prevalence and interdisciplinarity of research collaborations in multidisciplinary institutions," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 736-756.
    2. Sabrina Wieland & Benjamin Flavel, 2015. "The influence of gender diverse corporate boards on employee-orientation," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 19(4), pages 825-848, November.
    3. Iñigo Martin-Melero & Maria Luisa Medrano-Garcia & Felipe Hernandez-Perlines & Raul Gomez-Martinez, 2026. "ESG and reputation in Ibero–America: Evidence from corporate rankings," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-63, March.
    4. Loay Alnaji & Mahmoud Yousef Askari & Ghaleb A. El Refae, 2016. "Can tolerance of diverse groups improve the wellbeing of societies?," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 11(1), pages 48-57.
    5. Javier Alcaraz & Eva M. García-Nové & Mercedes Landete & Juan F. Monge, 2020. "The linear ordering problem with clusters: a new partial ranking," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 28(3), pages 646-671, October.
    6. Irène Charon & Olivier Hudry, 2010. "An updated survey on the linear ordering problem for weighted or unweighted tournaments," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 175(1), pages 107-158, March.
    7. Lu, Yun & Ntim, Collins G. & Zhang, Qingjing & Li, Pingli, 2022. "Board of directors’ attributes and corporate outcomes: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    8. Fabio De Matteis & Alessandra Tafuro & Fabrizio Striani & Daniela Preite, 2023. "Totally Publicly-Owned (TPO) Utilities and Financial Performance: What is the role of some aspects of governance?," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2023(3), pages 89-111.
    9. Girardone, Claudia & Kokas, Sotirios & Wood, Geoffrey, 2021. "Diversity and women in finance: Challenges and future perspectives," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    10. Daniel Ofori-Sasu & Maame Ofewah Sarpong & Vivian Tetteh & Baah Aye Kusi, 2022. "Banking disclosure and banking crises in Africa: does board gender diversity play a role?," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Vuong, Quan-Hoang & Huyen, Nguyen Thanh Thanh & Pham, Thanh-Hang & Phuong, Luong Anh & Nguyen, Minh-Hoang, 2020. "Mapping the intellectual and conceptual structure of research on gender issues in the family business: A bibliometric review," OSF Preprints jgnrw, Center for Open Science.
    12. Katia Furlotti & Tatiana Mazza & Veronica Tibiletti & Silvia Triani, 2019. "Women in top positions on boards of directors: Gender policies disclosed in Italian sustainability reporting," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(1), pages 57-70, January.
    13. María Victoria Uribe‐Bohorquez & Jennifer Martínez‐Ferrero & Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez, 2019. "Women on boards and efficiency in a business‐orientated environment," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(1), pages 82-96, January.
    14. Ali Uyar & Cemil Kuzey & Merve Kilic & Abdullah S. Karaman, 2021. "Board structure, financial performance, corporate social responsibility performance, CSR committee, and CEO duality: Disentangling the connection in healthcare," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(6), pages 1730-1748, November.
    15. Peter J Baldacchino & Jean Paul Abela & Norbert Tabone & Simon Grima, 2021. "Board of Director Diversity and Its Corporate Governance Implications in Maltese Equity-Listed Companies," International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, vol. 11(4), pages 37-65.
    16. Wang, Tawei & Hsu, Carol, 2013. "Board composition and operational risk events of financial institutions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 2042-2051.
    17. Angelo A. Unite & Michael J. Sullivan & Ailyn A. Shi, 2019. "Board Diversity and Performance of Philippine Firms: Do Women Matter?," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 25(1), pages 65-78, February.
    18. Natalie Elms & Pamela Fae Kent, 2023. "Nomination committees in Australia, outcomes for influence of a powerful CEO and diversity," Journal of Accounting Literature, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(4), pages 481-509, July.
    19. Aref M. Eissa & Arafat Hamdy & Ahmed Diab, 2024. "Governmental Ownership, Board Gender Diversity, and ESG Performance: Evidence from an Emerging Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-17, August.
    20. Saif Ur-Rehman & Elgilani Elshareif & Naseem Abidi, 2025. "To win the marketplace, you must first win the workplace: CEO ability, CSR, and firm performance: evidence from fast-growing firms in Asia–Pacific," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(1), pages 28-46, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:15:y:2025:i:11:p:406-:d:1776653. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.