Pestle analysis of digitalization in aviation safety

Aviation sector is undergoing a radical transformation in line with the digitalization offered by Industry 4.0. Artificial intelligence, big data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor-based systems provide significant contributions in critical areas such as increasing flight safety, improving maintenance processes and managing crisis moments. Simulations based on augmented and virtual reality technologies reduce human error by providing effective learning environments in the training of pilots and technical personnel. On the other hand, digital air traffic management and satellite-based navigation systems optimize collision prevention and airspace efficiency. These technologies both increase operational efficiency and contribute to environmental sustainability goals. However, as digitalization progresses, the interconnectedness of systems has brought new security threats such as cyber attacks, data breaches and technical failures. In particular, inadequate regulations and incompatibilities in international standards make it difficult to use these technologies safely and widely. This study examined technological components and operational processes within the framework of the Aviation 4.0 concept and evaluated the effects of digitalization on aviation safety using literature review and PESTLE analysis and word frequency analysis methods. The results show that digital technologies offer significant opportunities to the sector, but structural risks and regulatory gaps need to be taken into account for a sustainable security management.