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Empirical analysis of e-commerce delivery operations: from parcels to tours

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  • Amaral, Julia
  • de Oliveira, Leise Kelli
  • Beckers, Joris

Abstract

The rapid growth of e-commerce has led to an increase in parcel deliveries, significantly impacting urban logistics. This study aims to generate empirical insights into the operational characteristics of last-mile e-commerce deliveries, using real-world delivery data from a major online marketplace in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Using descriptive statistics and regression modeling, we characterize parcel attributes such as size, weight, and destination type; analyze delivery tour features including number of deliveries per tour, total weight and volume, travel distance from the distribution center, and average travel speed; and investigate factors influencing delivery counts per tour as a proxy for operational efficiency. Results show that parcels are relatively small, with 50 % weighing less than 0.7 kg, and that 25 % of deliveries are directed to commercial addresses. Additionally, while higher travel speeds favor more deliveries per tour, higher delivery density in urban centers supports greater delivery volumes despite lower speeds due to congestion. These results highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of last-mile delivery operations, providing valuable insights to improve logistics modeling, urban freight planning, and policymaking.

Suggested Citation

  • Amaral, Julia & de Oliveira, Leise Kelli & Beckers, Joris, 2026. "Empirical analysis of e-commerce delivery operations: from parcels to tours," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:206:y:2026:i:c:s1366554525005915
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104563
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    References listed on IDEAS

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