Creating existential authenticity experience by combining technology capability with gamification in the metaverse: An affordance perspective

Games play a pivotal role in the strategic development of the metaverse. However, how gamified metaverse environments align with users' experiential needs remains unclear. Understanding the antecedents and internal responses that shape users’ intentions to engage with gamified metaverse platforms is critical for advancing the field. Grounded in affordance theory, this study empirically examines the interplay among technological capabilities, gamified interfaces, and user engagement, and explores their influence on existential authenticity, appraisal processes, and usage intention. Data from 314 participants were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that both technological affordances (i.e., physical presence, social presence) and gamification affordances (i.e., achievement, identity, competition, self-expression) are effectively perceived by users. These affordances contribute to a sense of existential authenticity, which, in turn, drives both cognitive and affective appraisals. Ultimately, positive appraisals enhance users' intention to engage with the metaverse. Notably, affective appraisal significantly influences cognitive appraisal. These findings offer novel insights into the value drivers of gamified metaverse experiences.