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The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules: A review

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  • Oliveira, Michele Cândida Carvalho de
  • Diniz Cardoso, Antônia Sonia Alves
  • Viana, Marcelo Machado
  • Lins, Vanessa de Freitas Cunha

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are subject to climate-induced degradation that can affect their efficiency, stability, and operating lifetime. Among the weather and environment related mechanisms, the degradation mechanisms of the prominent polymer encapsulant, ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer (EVA), and the relationships of the stability of this material to the overall reliability of Si-based PV modules were addressed. The EVA function and properties correlated to its deterioration factors as temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet radiation (UV) were discussed in this work. The main objective of this study is to review the literature on EVA encapsulation and its degradation, which promotes the loss in performance of the PV module. The deleterious effects on EVA such as photodegradation, moisture, delamination, bubble formation and potential induced degradation (PID), their relationship with the polymer structure, chemical, mechanical, optical and electrical properties are approaches carried out in this review. This paper also provides a brief review of the developing field of EVA composites technology aiming at higher performance materials.

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  • Oliveira, Michele Cândida Carvalho de & Diniz Cardoso, Antônia Sonia Alves & Viana, Marcelo Machado & Lins, Vanessa de Freitas Cunha, 2018. "The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2299-2317.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:81:y:2018:i:p2:p:2299-2317
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.039
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    8. Jaeun Kim & Matheus Rabelo & Siva Parvathi Padi & Hasnain Yousuf & Eun-Chel Cho & Junsin Yi, 2021. "A Review of the Degradation of Photovoltaic Modules for Life Expectancy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-21, July.
    9. Nain, Preeti & Kumar, Arun, 2020. "Understanding the possibility of material release from end-of-life solar modules: A study based on literature review and survey analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 903-918.
    10. Hamed Hanifi & Bengt Jaeckel & Matthias Pander & David Dassler & Sagarika Kumar & Jens Schneider, 2022. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Half-Cell Modules for Desert Climates: An Overview on Power, Performance, Durability and Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, April.
    11. Fernández-Solas, Álvaro & Micheli, Leonardo & Almonacid, Florencia & Fernández, Eduardo F., 2021. "Optical degradation impact on the spectral performance of photovoltaic technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    12. Abdulwahab A. Q. Hasan & Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani & Seyed Ahmad Shahahmadi & Mohammad Nur E. Alam & Mohammad Aminul Islam & Nowshad Amin, 2021. "Delamination-and Electromigration-Related Failures in Solar Panels—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-23, June.
    13. Luo, Wei & Clement, Carlos Enrico & Khoo, Yong Sheng & Wang, Yan & Khaing, Aung Myint & Reindl, Thomas & Kumar, Abhishek & Pravettoni, Mauro, 2021. "Photovoltaic module failures after 10 years of operation in the tropics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 327-335.
    14. Nivelle, Philippe & Tsanakas, John A. & Poortmans, Jef & Daenen, Michaël, 2021. "Stress and strain within photovoltaic modules using the finite element method: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    15. Santhakumari, Manju & Sagar, Netramani, 2019. "A review of the environmental factors degrading the performance of silicon wafer-based photovoltaic modules: Failure detection methods and essential mitigation techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 83-100.
    16. Hyeonwook Park & Wonshoup So & Woo Kyoung Kim, 2021. "Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Modules by Combined Damp Heat and Temperature Cycle Test," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-12, June.

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