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Energy and carbon emission review for Macao's gaming industry

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  • Li, J.S.
  • Alsaed, A.
  • Hayat, T.
  • Chen, G.Q.

Abstract

Energy consumption and CO2 emissions caused by gaming industry have never been explored, while gaming industry across the world has experienced considerable development. To fill this blank, a comprehensive analysis based on systems accounting is conducted in this study for embodied energy consumption and CO2 emissions by gaming industry, the backbone of Macao's economy. The results reveal that the total embodied energy consumption by Macao's pillar industry increases by about 1.5 times from 2005 to 2010 while the energy intensity decreases by more than a quarter. The trends of overall CO2 emissions and emission intensity are in parallel to those of total energy consumption and energy intensity. It is also noted that as a service industry, indirect energy consumption and emissions induced by gaming is an order of magnitude larger than those based on direct accounting. As to the energy and emission structures, energy consumption and emissions caused by operating inputs is the largest contributor to both overall energy consumption and emissions. The results also indicate that for gaming industry's energy and emission issues, the relative importance of commission is increasing while that of goods purchased is decreasing. Appreciable energy saving and emissions reduction potential is also discussed against the background of Macao's urgent need for gaming industry's sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, J.S. & Alsaed, A. & Hayat, T. & Chen, G.Q., 2014. "Energy and carbon emission review for Macao's gaming industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 744-753.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:29:y:2014:i:c:p:744-753
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.09.001
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    Cited by:

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    2. Chen, B. & Yang, Q. & Zhou, Sili & Li, J.S. & Chen, G.Q., 2017. "Urban economy's carbon flow through external trade: Spatial-temporal evolution for Macao," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 69-78.
    3. Zhang, L.X. & Wang, C.B. & Bahaj, A.S., 2014. "Carbon emissions by rural energy in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 641-649.
    4. Li, J.S. & Chen, G.Q. & Hayat, T. & Alsaedi, A., 2015. "Mercury emissions by Beijing׳s fossil energy consumption: Based on environmentally extended input–output analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1167-1175.
    5. Jiang, Lei & He, Shixiong & Tian, Xi & Zhang, Bo & Zhou, Haifeng, 2020. "Energy use embodied in international trade of 39 countries: Spatial transfer patterns and driving factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    6. Chen, B. & Yang, Q. & Li, J.S. & Chen, G.Q., 2017. "Decoupling analysis on energy consumption, embodied GHG emissions and economic growth — The case study of Macao," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 662-672.
    7. Li, Xue & Lin, Cong & Wang, Yang & Zhao, Lingying & Duan, Na & Wu, Xudong, 2015. "Analysis of rural household energy consumption and renewable energy systems in Zhangziying town of Beijing," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 184-193.
    8. Xia, X.H. & Hu, Y. & Chen, G.Q. & Alsaedi, A. & Hayat, T. & Wu, X.D., 2015. "Vertical specialization, global trade and energy consumption for an urban economy: A value added export perspective for Beijing," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 49-58.
    9. Li, J.S. & Xia, X.H. & Chen, G.Q. & Alsaedi, A. & Hayat, T., 2016. "Optimal embodied energy abatement strategy for Beijing economy: Based on a three-scale input-output analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1602-1610.
    10. Yan, Huijie, 2015. "Provincial energy intensity in China: The role of urbanization," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 635-650.
    11. Chen, G.Q. & Li, J.S. & Chen, B. & Wen, C. & Yang, Q. & Alsaedi, A. & Hayat, T., 2016. "An overview of mercury emissions by global fuel combustion: The impact of international trade," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 345-355.
    12. Li, J.S. & Chen, G.Q. & Wu, X.F. & Hayat, T. & Alsaedi, A. & Ahmad, B., 2014. "Embodied energy assessment for Macao׳s external trade," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 642-653.

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    Keywords

    Energy consumption; CO2 emissions; Gaming industry; Macao;
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