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Power equalizer for a series fuel cell architecture based on load tracking control

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  • Bizon, Nicu
  • Pierfederici, Serge
  • Bahrami, Milad
  • Thounthong, Phatiphat

Abstract

This paper analyses the safe operation of a multi-stack Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) under normal conditions and partial faults using an innovative power-sharing technique based on Load-Following (LF) control. LF control references are designed based on the power flow balance to track the dynamic load profile. These references control the power flow of DC-DC boost converters connected to PEMFC stacks, performing power sharing and output voltage restoration as a final result. The behavior of multi-stack FC architecture is presented in conditions of partial drying and flooding of PEMFCs. If the transitory faults are short, the controllability of the boost converters is ensured by LF control and multi-stack FC architecture continues to safety operate in degraded-operation mode.

Suggested Citation

  • Bizon, Nicu & Pierfederici, Serge & Bahrami, Milad & Thounthong, Phatiphat, 2022. "Power equalizer for a series fuel cell architecture based on load tracking control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:166:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122005378
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112644
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zandi, M. & Bahrami, M. & Eslami, S. & Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, R. & Payman, A. & Phattanasak, M. & Nahid-Mobarakeh, B. & Pierfederici, S., 2017. "Evaluation and comparison of economic policies to increase distributed generation capacity in the Iranian household consumption sector using photovoltaic systems and RETScreen software," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 215-222.
    2. Sulaiman, N. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Ker, P.J. & Majlan, E.H. & Wan Daud, W.R., 2018. "Optimization of energy management system for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles: Issues and recommendations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2061-2079.
    3. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Fuel saving strategy using real-time switching of the fueling regulators in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Bahrami, Milad & Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, Roghayeh & Zandi, Majid & Phattanasak, Matheepot & Maranzanaa, Gaël & Nahid-Mobarakeh, Babak & Pierfederici, Serge & Meibody-Tabar, Farid, 2019. "Hybrid maximum power point tracking algorithm with improved dynamic performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 982-991.
    5. Li, Yuehua & Pei, Pucheng & Wu, Ziyao & Ren, Peng & Jia, Xiaoning & Chen, Dongfang & Huang, Shangwei, 2018. "Approaches to avoid flooding in association with pressure drop in proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 42-51.
    6. Ren, Peng & Pei, Pucheng & Li, Yuehua & Wu, Ziyao & Chen, Dongfang & Huang, Shangwei & Jia, Xiaoning, 2019. "Diagnosis of water failures in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with zero-phase ohmic resistance and fixed-low-frequency impedance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 785-792.
    7. Milad Bahrami & Jean-Philippe Martin & Gaël Maranzana & Serge Pierfederici & Mathieu Weber & Farid Meibody-Tabar & Majid Zandi, 2020. "Multi-Stack Lifetime Improvement through Adapted Power Electronic Architecture in a Fuel Cell Hybrid System," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-28, May.
    8. Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong, 2020. "Energy Efficiency and Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell/Renewable Energy Sources Hybrid Power System with the Load-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-22, January.
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    1. Li, Jiawen & Zhou, Tao, 2023. "Active fault-tolerant coordination energy management for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using curriculum-based multiagent deep meta-reinforcement learning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).

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