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Impact of climatic conditions on prospects for integrated photovoltaics in electric vehicles

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  • Thiel, Christian
  • Gracia Amillo, Ana
  • Tansini, Alessandro
  • Tsakalidis, Anastasios
  • Fontaras, Georgios
  • Dunlop, Ewan
  • Taylor, Nigel
  • Jäger-Waldau, Arnulf
  • Araki, Kenji
  • Nishioka, Kensuke
  • Ota, Yasuyuki
  • Yamaguchi, Masafumi

Abstract

Integrated photovoltaics are an emerging technology which can extend the range of electric vehicles. However, up to now there is a lack of a consensus method that would provide consumers with an estimate of the fraction of annual driving which could be covered by solar power generated onboard in different usage scenarios and locations. To address this, we assess the energy implications of vehicle integrated photovoltaics for a commuter car and light delivery van for six climatic regions and for typical daily usage profiles over a ten-year period. The analysis captures the energy needs for driving and cabin temperature control to an unprecedented level of detail. Our results reveal that the grid power needed to drive such vehicles on identical routes can vary by more than 44% between climate regions. In the best case the solar power generated can cover up to 35% of the driving range per year. This contribution can vary by a factor of 2.5 between different climates, from 1800 to 5100 km annually, considerably mitigating the effect of ambient conditions on electric range. We propose developing consumer labels for solar electric vehicles that would consider this variation according to climatic conditions. The method described in this paper could help to frame initial discussions for such labels. We identify further requirements for research and development, standardisation, and policy needs.

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  • Thiel, Christian & Gracia Amillo, Ana & Tansini, Alessandro & Tsakalidis, Anastasios & Fontaras, Georgios & Dunlop, Ewan & Taylor, Nigel & Jäger-Waldau, Arnulf & Araki, Kenji & Nishioka, Kensuke & Ota, 2022. "Impact of climatic conditions on prospects for integrated photovoltaics in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:158:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122000387
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112109
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    2. Ilyes Tegani & Okba Kraa & Haitham S. Ramadan & Mohamed Yacine Ayad, 2023. "Practical Energy Management Control of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Artificial-Intelligence-Based Flatness Theory," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Sharda, S. & Garikapati, V.M. & Goulias, K.G. & Reyna, J.L. & Sun, B. & Spurlock, C.A. & Needell, Z., 2024. "The electric vehicles-solar photovoltaics Nexus: Driving cross-sectoral adoption of sustainable technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    4. Md. Tanjil Sarker & Mohammed Hussein Saleh Mohammed Haram & Siow Jat Shern & Gobbi Ramasamy & Fahmid Al Farid, 2024. "Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries for Home Photovoltaic Systems: Transforming Energy Storage and Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-23, May.
    5. Kenji Araki & Yasuyuki Ota & Akira Nagaoka & Kensuke Nishioka, 2023. "3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, May.
    6. Arias-Rosales, Andrés & LeDuc, Philip R., 2023. "Urban solar harvesting: The importance of diffuse shadows in complex environments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    7. Jieun Baek & Yosoon Choi, 2022. "Comparative Study on Shading Database Construction for Urban Roads Using 3D Models and Fisheye Images for Efficient Operation of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-24, November.

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