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Generating alternative fuel and bioplastics from medical plastic waste and waste frying oil using microwave co-pyrolysis combined with microbial fermentation

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  • Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah
  • Kee, Seng Hon
  • Foong, Shin Ying
  • Amelia, Tan Suet May
  • Bhubalan, Kesaven
  • Man, Mustafa
  • Yang, YaFeng
  • Ong, Hwai Chyuan
  • Vithanage, Meththika
  • Lam, Su Shiung
  • Sonne, Christian

Abstract

In the present study, microwave co-pyrolysis (MCP) was used to simultaneously convert medical plastic waste (MPW) and waste frying oil (WFO) into liquid oil products. The MCP process demonstrated a faster heating rate (24 °C/min) and shorter process time (20 min) compared to conventional pyrolysis techniques converting MPW and WFO into liquid oil (≥80 wt%). The MCP reduced the oxygen content from 25.7 to 9.82 wt% in liquid oil encompassing light aliphatic hydrocarbons ranging from C10 to C28, generating a novel sustainable liquid fuel. The liquid having a high carbon content (approximately 77.1 wt%) and low carbon to nitrogen ratio (27.9) is a suitable energy feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastic production in the form of poly3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)]. The liquid oil acted as an energy source for the growth of Bacillus sp. During microbial fermentation, yielding approximately 11% (w/w) P(3HB). Bioplastics are biodegradable, biocompatible with humans and non-toxic to marine organisms, representing a valuable additive in the production of cosmetics, detergents, and as medical scaffolds for tissue engineering. The results indicate the promising upcycling of waste products by this approach through pyrolytic biorefinery into value-added fuel and bioplastic products, being important for the future sustainable production of renewable resources.

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  • Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Kee, Seng Hon & Foong, Shin Ying & Amelia, Tan Suet May & Bhubalan, Kesaven & Man, Mustafa & Yang, YaFeng & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Vithanage, Meththika & Lam, Su Shiung & Sonne, C, 2022. "Generating alternative fuel and bioplastics from medical plastic waste and waste frying oil using microwave co-pyrolysis combined with microbial fermentation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:153:y:2022:i:c:s1364032121010595
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111790
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lam, Su Shiung & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Cheng, Chin Kui & Omar, Rozita & Chong, Cheng Tung & Chase, Howard A., 2016. "Recovery of diesel-like fuel from waste palm oil by pyrolysis using a microwave heated bed of activated carbon," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 791-799.
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    1. Yang, Huayu & Yan, Bowen & Chen, Wei & Fan, Daming, 2023. "Prediction and innovation of sustainable continuous flow microwave processing based on numerical simulations: A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).

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