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State of the nation: Customizing energy and finances for geothermal technology in the United States residential sector

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  • Neves, Rebecca
  • Cho, Heejin
  • Zhang, Jian

Abstract

Geothermal residential heating and cooling systems have undeniable potential savings. The possibilities of the energy savings with a geothermal heat pump system is well-established in the commercial and residential sectors. Building location has a critical impact on the performance of geothermal heat pump systems and magnitude of savings. An important contribution of this paper takes the step past technological optimization to investigate 12 climate zones across the contiguous United States. Residential homes within common neighborhoods are thoroughly analyzed by considering soil characteristics and home construction features. Within these climate zones, federal and all local incentive programs are quantified to determine an accurate expectation for capital investment payback period, a critical factor for system attractability. Ultimately, a climate zone is classified as either a promising or poor candidate for residential geothermal technology based on data from previously conducted human interest polls regarding payback period on energy savings investments. With such lasting potential delivered to the hands of consumers, geothermal energy use still experiences slow implementation. This paper conducts a study integrating data on technology, finances, and human nature to identify the prevailing barrier to widespread geothermal execution. Solid evidence on energy and monetary savings reveals the dominant barriers are initial capital investment and long payback period. This paper highlights the immense positive impact that local incentives have on affecting these two prevailing deterrents.

Suggested Citation

  • Neves, Rebecca & Cho, Heejin & Zhang, Jian, 2021. "State of the nation: Customizing energy and finances for geothermal technology in the United States residential sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:137:y:2021:i:c:s1364032120307498
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110463
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Jian & Cho, Heejin & Luck, Rogelio & Mago, Pedro J., 2018. "Integrated photovoltaic and battery energy storage (PV-BES) systems: An analysis of existing financial incentive policies in the US," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 895-908.
    2. Reber, Timothy J. & Beckers, Koenraad F. & Tester, Jefferson W., 2014. "The transformative potential of geothermal heating in the U.S. energy market: A regional study of New York and Pennsylvania," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 30-44.
    3. Karytsas, Spyridon & Polyzou, Olympia & Karytsas, Constantine, 2019. "Factors affecting willingness to adopt and willingness to pay for a residential hybrid system that provides heating/cooling and domestic hot water," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 591-603.
    4. Zhang, Jian & Cho, Heejin & Knizley, Alta, 2016. "Evaluation of financial incentives for combined heat and power (CHP) systems in U.S. regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 738-762.
    5. Thorsteinsson, Hildigunnur H. & Tester, Jefferson W., 2010. "Barriers and enablers to geothermal district heating system development in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 803-813, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Schifflechner, Christopher & Kuhnert, Lara & Irrgang, Ludwig & Dawo, Fabian & Kaufmann, Florian & Wieland, Christoph & Spliethoff, Hartmut, 2023. "Geothermal trigeneration systems with Organic Rankine Cycles: Evaluation of different plant configurations considering part load behaviour," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 218-233.
    2. Emily K. Schwartz & Moncef Krarti, 2022. "Review of Adoption Status of Sustainable Energy Technologies in the US Residential Building Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Dongsu Kim & Jongman Lee & Sunglok Do & Pedro J. Mago & Kwang Ho Lee & Heejin Cho, 2022. "Energy Modeling and Model Predictive Control for HVAC in Buildings: A Review of Current Research Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-30, October.
    4. Xia, Z.H. & Jia, G.S. & Ma, Z.D. & Wang, J.W. & Zhang, Y.P. & Jin, L.W., 2021. "Analysis of economy, thermal efficiency and environmental impact of geothermal heating system based on life cycle assessments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    5. Gaur, Ankita Singh & Fitiwi, Desta Z. & Lynch, Muireann & Longoria, Genaro, 2022. "Implications of heating sector electrification on the Irish power system in view of the Climate Action Plan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).

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