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Design and performance of a simple single basin solar still

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  • Ali Samee, Muhammad
  • Mirza, Umar K.
  • Majeed, Tariq
  • Ahmad, Nasir

Abstract

The lack of potable water poses a big problem in southern and south-western arid regions of Pakistan. The underground water, where exists, is usually brackish and cannot be used as it is for drinking purposes. Pakistan lies in high solar insolation band and the vast solar potential can be exploited to convert saline water to potable water. The most economical and easy way to accomplish this objective is using solar still. A simple single basin solar still was designed for 33.3° N latitude. The optimum inclination of glass cover was calculated to be 33.3o for both summer and winter. The average daily output of solar still based on data of 8 days in July 2004 was found to be 1.7 liters/day for basin area of 0.54 m2. Efficiency of the still was calculated as 30.65% with a maximum hourly output of 0.339 liters/hr at 1300 hrs. The drinking water coming from Simly dam filtration plant, Islamabad was desalinated in the solar still. The total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity and pH of this surface water were measured as 370 ppm, 1.291 mS/cm and 6.72 before desalination and 30 ppm, 41 [mu]S/cm and 6.5 after desalination respectively. The ground water of PIEAS colony, Islamabad was also desalinated and results obtained were 544 ppm, 1.668 mS/cm and 6.78 before desalination and 84 ppm, 31 [mu]S/cm and 5.74 after desalination. A lab-prepared water sample was desalinated as well and results were, 17663 ppm, 85.3 mS/cm, 7.58 before desalination and 226 ppm, 88.5 [mu]s/cm, 6.13 respectively, after desalination. The values for TDS and pH agree with the WHO guidelines for drinking water quality.

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  • Ali Samee, Muhammad & Mirza, Umar K. & Majeed, Tariq & Ahmad, Nasir, 2007. "Design and performance of a simple single basin solar still," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 543-549, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:11:y:2007:i:3:p:543-549
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Madhlopa, A. & Clarke, J.A., 2013. "Computation of irradiance in a solar still by using a refined algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 13-21.
    2. Sebastian, Geo & Thomas, Shijo, 2021. "Influence of providing a three-layer spectrally selective floating absorber on passive single slope solar still productivity under tropical conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    3. Djamal Eddine Benhadji Serradj & Timothy Anderson & Roy Nates, 2022. "The Effect of Geometry on the Yield of Fresh Water from Single Slope Solar Stills," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Yadav, Saurabh & Sudhakar, K., 2015. "Different domestic designs of solar stills: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 718-731.
    5. El-Sebaii, A.A. & Al-Ghamdi, A.A. & Al-Hazmi, F.S. & Faidah, Adel S., 2009. "Thermal performance of a single basin solar still with PCM as a storage medium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1187-1195, July.
    6. Masoud Afrand & Rasool Kalbasi & Arash Karimipour & Somchai Wongwises, 2016. "Experimental Investigation on a Thermal Model for a Basin Solar Still with an External Reflector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    7. Velmurugan, V. & Srithar, K., 2011. "Performance analysis of solar stills based on various factors affecting the productivity--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1294-1304, February.
    8. Sadineni, S.B. & Hurt, R. & Halford, C.K. & Boehm, R.F., 2008. "Theory and experimental investigation of a weir-type inclined solar still," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 71-80.
    9. Kabeel, A.E. & Hamed, A.M. & El-Agouz, S.A., 2010. "Cost analysis of different solar still configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 2901-2908.
    10. Mohd Fazly Yusof & Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol & Ali Riahi & Nor Azazi Zakaria & Syafiq Shaharuddin & Siti Fairuz Juiani & Norazian Mohamed Noor & Mohd Hafiz Zawawi & Jazaul Ikhsan, 2022. "Investigation on the Urban Grey Water Treatment Using a Cost-Effective Solar Distillation Still," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-20, August.
    11. Dsilva Winfred Rufuss, D. & Iniyan, S. & Suganthi, L. & Davies, P.A., 2016. "Solar stills: A comprehensive review of designs, performance and material advances," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 464-496.
    12. Kaviti, Ajay Kumar & Yadav, Akhilesh & Shukla, Amit, 2016. "Inclined solar still designs: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 429-451.
    13. Ranjan, K.R. & Kaushik, S.C., 2013. "Energy, exergy and thermo-economic analysis of solar distillation systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 709-723.
    14. Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed & Zahedi, Gholamreza, 2012. "Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan—Solar energy prospective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2762-2780.
    15. Ismail, Basel I., 2009. "Design and performance of a transportable hemispherical solar still," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 145-150.
    16. Mohd Fazly Yusof & Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol & Andrei Victor Sandu & Ali Riahi & Nor Azazi Zakaria & Syafiq Shaharuddin & Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz & Norazian Mohamed Noor & Petrica Vizureanu , 2022. "Clean Water Production Enhancement through the Integration of Small-Scale Solar Stills with Solar Dish Concentrators (SDCs)—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-27, April.
    17. Sivakumar, V. & Ganapathy Sundaram, E., 2013. "Improvement techniques of solar still efficiency: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 246-264.

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