An integrated reservoir-power system model for evaluating the impacts of wind integration on hydropower resources

Despite the potential for hydroelectric dams to help address challenges related to the variability and unpredictability of wind energy, at present there are few systems-based wind-hydro studies available in the scientific literature. This work represents an attempt to begin filling this gap through the development of a systems-based modeling framework for analysis of wind power integration and its impacts on hydropower resources. The model, which relies entirely on publicly available information, was developed to assess the effects of wind energy on hydroelectric dams in a power system typical of the Southeastern US (i.e., one in which hydropower makes up <10% of total system capacity). However, the model can easily reflect different power mixes; it can also be used to simulate reservoir releases at self-scheduled (profit maximizing) dams or ones operated in coordination with other generators to minimize total system costs. The modeling framework offers flexibility in setting: the level and geographical distribution of installed wind power capacity; reservoir management rules, and static or dynamic fuel prices for power plants. In addition, the model also includes an hourly ‘natural’ flow component designed expressly for the purpose of assessing changes in hourly river flow patterns that may occur as a consequence of wind power integration. Validation of the model shows it can accurately reproduce market price dynamics and dam storage and release patterns under current conditions. We also demonstrate the model's capability in assessing the impact of increased wind market penetration on the volumes of reserves and electricity sold by a hydroelectric dam.