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A novel maximum energy extraction strategy using lithium-ion batteries for Archimedes wave swing wave energy conversion systems

Author

Listed:
  • Mahdy, Ahmed
  • Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E.
  • Hasanien, Hany M.

Abstract

Energy maximization in wave energy conversion systems (WECSs) is often constrained by grid code restrictions, limiting power absorption for higher energy yield. This work proposes an innovative maximum energy extraction (MEE) strategy that uses a nonlinear reference quadrature-axis current derived from the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) WECS model components. The approach adopts a bidirectional DC-DC converter with lithium-ion batteries, providing an on-demand energy supply and eliminating grid dependency. Lithium-ion batteries are chosen due to their elevated energy density, extended operational lifespan, rapid charging capabilities, and reduced maintenance needs. The system architecture includes an AWS-WECS with a linear permanent magnet synchronous generator (LPMSG). In addition, a cascaded rectifier-inverter topology with an intermediate DC link is needed for a successful grid connection. Seven proportional-integral (PI) controllers are employed to minimize losses, optimize energy extraction, regulate the DC-DC converter, and stabilize both the point of common coupling voltage and the DC link voltage. MATLAB simulations demonstrate an improvement in energy yield of 90 %, 50 %, and 33 % compared to the base uncontrolled case, model-based control (without power absorption), and the feedback linearization method. This confirms the efficacy of the suggested nonlinear control strategy based on lithium-ion technology in enhancing energy extraction for AWS-WECSs. Finally, the system's performance has been experimentally assessed through the utilization of the OP4610 real-time simulator.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahdy, Ahmed & Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E. & Hasanien, Hany M., 2026. "A novel maximum energy extraction strategy using lithium-ion batteries for Archimedes wave swing wave energy conversion systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PI).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pi:s0960148125023286
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124664
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mahdy, Ahmed & Hasanien, Hany M. & Helmy, Waleed & Turky, Rania A. & Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E., 2022. "Transient stability improvement of wave energy conversion systems connected to power grid using anti-windup-coot optimization strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    2. Henok Ayele Behabtu & Majid Vafaeipour & Abraham Alem Kebede & Maitane Berecibar & Joeri Van Mierlo & Kinde Anlay Fante & Maarten Messagie & Thierry Coosemans, 2023. "Smoothing Intermittent Output Power in Grid-Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines with Li-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-37, November.
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    4. Mahdy, Ahmed & Hasanien, Hany M. & Turky, Rania A. & Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E., 2023. "Modeling and optimal operation of hybrid wave energy and PV system feeding supercharging stations based on golden jackal optimal control strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    5. Dennis L Buchanan & Mark H A Davis, 2025. "Resource Evaluation," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: METALS AND ENERGY FINANCE Interrelationship between Technical and Financial Risk in Mineral Projects, chapter 7, pages 161-175, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
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