IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v238y2025ics096014812402007x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

One-pot conversion of non-edible oil into sustainable biodiesel using novel bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst

Author

Listed:
  • Ihsan, Rida
  • Naeem, Abdul
  • Farooq, Muhammad
  • Saeed, Tooba
  • Noman, Muhammad
  • Abid, Ghazala
  • Malik, Tabassum

Abstract

This study aims to produce biodiesel from indigenous non-edible feedstock of wild olive seed oil using novel bifunctional xK2O/ZrO2-Bi2O3 catalyst. The designed catalyst was prepared using sol gel-impregnation method. The textural and surface properties of the synthesized catalyst were elucidated using various analytical techniques including EDX, FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET and XPS. The catalyst provided highest biodiesel yield of 95.2 % under the optimized reaction conditions. The successful synthesis of biodiesel was confirmed by GCMS, NMR and FTIR analysis, whereas; the various physiochemical properties were investigated according to the ASTM and EN standards. The designed catalyst showed substantial reproducibility and recyclability up to four times. The mechanism for xK2O/ZrO2-Bi2O3 catalyzed transesterification reaction of WOSO was also proposed. The kinetics studies revealed that the reaction follows pseudo first order and the Ea was calculated to be 32.58 kJ mol−1.

Suggested Citation

  • Ihsan, Rida & Naeem, Abdul & Farooq, Muhammad & Saeed, Tooba & Noman, Muhammad & Abid, Ghazala & Malik, Tabassum, 2025. "One-pot conversion of non-edible oil into sustainable biodiesel using novel bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:238:y:2025:i:c:s096014812402007x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121939
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014812402007X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121939?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Flores, Ken P. & Omega, Jan Laurence O. & Cabatingan, Luis K. & Go, Alchris W. & Agapay, Ramelito C. & Ju, Yi-Hsu, 2019. "Simultaneously carbonized and sulfonated sugarcane bagasse as solid acid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 510-523.
    2. Arcigni, Francesco & Friso, Riccardo & Collu, Maurizio & Venturini, Mauro, 2019. "Harmonized and systematic assessment of microalgae energy potential for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 614-624.
    3. Nath, Biswajit & Basumatary, Bidangshri & Brahma, Sujata & Das, Bipul & Kalita, Pranjal & Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala & Basumatary, Sanjay, 2023. "Musa champa peduncle waste-derived efficient catalyst: Studies of biodiesel synthesis, reaction kinetics and thermodynamics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    4. Thushari, Indika & Babel, Sandhya & Samart, Chanatip, 2019. "Biodiesel production in an autoclave reactor using waste palm oil and coconut coir husk derived catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 125-134.
    5. de Brito, Vitor Lima & Gonçalves, Matheus Arrais & dos Santos, Hiarla Cristina Lima & da Rocha Filho, Geraldo Narciso & da Conceição, Leyvison Rafael Vieira, 2023. "Biodiesel production from waste frying oil using molybdenum over niobia as heterogeneous acid catalyst: Process optimization and kinetics study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    6. Jume, Binta Hadi & Gabris, Mohammad Ali & Rashidi Nodeh, Hamid & Rezania, Shahabaldin & Cho, Jinwoo, 2020. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a novel heterogeneous catalyst based on graphene oxide doped metal oxide nanoparticles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 2182-2189.
    7. Li, Dongming & Feng, Wenping & Chen, Chao & Chen, Shangxing & Fan, Guorong & Liao, Shengliang & Wu, Guoqiang & Wang, Zongde, 2021. "Transesterification of Litsea cubeba kernel oil to biodiesel over zinc supported on zirconia heterogeneous catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 13-22.
    8. El-sherif, Ahmed A. & Hamad, Amany M. & Shams-Eldin, Engy & Mohamed, Heba Allah Abdelnabi Eid & Ahmed, Asmaa M. & Mohamed, Maha A. & Abdelaziz, Youssef S. & Sayed, Fatma Al-Zahraa & El qassem Mahmoud,, 2023. "Power of recycling waste cooking oil into biodiesel via green CaO-based eggshells/Ag heterogeneous nanocatalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1412-1423.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ebadinezhad, Behzad & Haghighi, Mohammad & Zeinalzadeh, Hossein, 2022. "Carbon-templated meso-design of nanostructured CeAPSO-34 for biodiesel production from free fatty acid and waste oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 716-733.
    2. Yadav, Nidhi & Yadav, Gaurav & Ahmaruzzaman, Md., 2023. "Fabrication of surface-modified dual waste-derived biochar for biodiesel production by microwave-assisted esterification of oleic acid: Optimization, kinetics, and mechanistic studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    3. Zhang, Bingxin & Gao, Ming & Tang, Weiqi & Wang, Xiaona & Wu, Chuanfu & Wang, Qunhui & Xie, Haijiao, 2023. "Reduced surface sulphonic acid concentration Alleviates carbon-based solid acid catalysts deactivation in biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    4. Karmakar, Bisheswar & Pal, Sucharita & Gopikrishna, Konga & Tiwari, Onkar Nath & Halder, Gopinath, 2022. "Injection of superheated C1 and C3 alcohols in non-edible Pongamia pinnata oil for semi-continuous uncatalyzed biodiesel synthesis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 850-861.
    5. Lani, Nurul Saadiah & Ngadi, Norzita & Haron, Saharudin & Mohammed Inuwa, Ibrahim & Anako Opotu, Lawal, 2024. "The catalytic effect of calcium oxide and magnetite loading on magnetically supported calcium oxide-zeolite catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    6. Li, Ying & Niu, Shengli & Wang, Jun & Zhou, Wenbo & Wang, Yongzheng & Han, Kuihua & Lu, Chunmei, 2022. "Mesoporous SrTiO3 perovskite as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: Experimental and DFT studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 164-175.
    7. Wang, Yi-Tong & Yang, Xing-Xia & Xu, Jie & Wang, Hong-Li & Wang, Zi-Bing & Zhang, Lei & Wang, Shao-Long & Liang, Jing-Long, 2019. "Biodiesel production from esterification of oleic acid by a sulfonated magnetic solid acid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 688-695.
    8. Long, Feng & Liu, Weiguo & Jiang, Xia & Zhai, Qiaolong & Cao, Xincheng & Jiang, Jianchun & Xu, Junming, 2021. "State-of-the-art technologies for biofuel production from triglycerides: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    9. Khan, Ihtisham Wali & Naeem, Abdul & Farooq, Muhammad & Mahmood, Tahira & Ahmad, Bashir & Hamayun, Muhammad & Ahmad, Zahoor & Saeed, Tooba, 2020. "Catalytic conversion of spent frying oil into biodiesel over raw and 12-tungsto-phosphoric acid modified clay," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 181-188.
    10. Yano Surya Pradana & I Gusti B. N. Makertihartha & Antonius Indarto & Tirto Prakoso & Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja, 2024. "A Review of Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties and Its Improvement Methods: Towards Sustainable Biodiesel Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-43, September.
    11. Zhu, Jishen & Jiang, Weiqiang & Yuan, Zong & Lu, Jie & Ding, Jincheng, 2024. "Esterification of tall oil fatty acid catalyzed by Zr4+-CER in fixed bed membrane reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    12. Fangyuan Zheng & Haeng Muk Cho, 2025. "Study on Biodiesel Production: Feedstock Evolution, Catalyst Selection, and Influencing Factors Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-26, May.
    13. Saikia, Kankana & Das, Arpita & Sema, Atoholi H. & Basumatary, Sanjay & Shaemningwar Moyon, N. & Mathimani, Thangavel & Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala, 2024. "Response surface optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and life cycle cost analysis of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil using biomass-based functional activated carbon catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    14. Zhang, Bingxin & Gao, Ming & Tang, Weiqi & Wang, Xiaona & Wu, Chuanfu & Wang, Qunhui & Cheung, Siu Ming & Chen, Xiankun, 2023. "Esterification efficiency improvement of carbon-based solid acid catalysts induced by biomass pretreatments: Intrinsic mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    15. Ghasemi, Iman & Haghighi, Mohammad & Bekhradinassab, Ensie & Ebrahimi, Alireza, 2024. "Ultrasound-assisted dispersion of bifunctional CaO-ZrO2 nanocatalyst over acidified kaolin for production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    16. Ella Cebisa Linganiso & Boitumelo Tlhaole & Lindokuhle Precious Magagula & Silas Dziike & Linda Zikhona Linganiso & Tshwafo Elias Motaung & Nosipho Moloto & Zikhona Nobuntu Tetana, 2022. "Biodiesel Production from Waste Oils: A South African Outlook," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    17. Zhang, Gaoqiang & Xie, Wenlei & Guo, Lihong, 2024. "Application of metal organic frameworks ZIF-8-based solid catalyst with hierarchical porous structure and Brønsted-Lewis dual acid sites ionic liquids for sustainable biodiesel production from acidic ," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PC).
    18. Aisien, Felix Aibuedefe & Aisien, Eki Tina, 2023. "Modeling and optimization of transesterification of rubber seed oil using sulfonated CaO derived from giant African land snail (Achatina fulica) catalyst by response surface methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 137-146.
    19. Aghel, Babak & Biabani, Arash, 2024. "Using solar microreactors and photocatalysts to synthesize biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    20. Leesing, Ratanaporn & Siwina, Siraprapha & Ngernyen, Yuvarat & Fiala, Khanittha, 2022. "Innovative approach for co-production of single cell oil (SCO), novel carbon-based solid acid catalyst and SCO-based biodiesel from fallen Dipterocarpus alatus leaves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 47-60.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:238:y:2025:i:c:s096014812402007x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.