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Highly efficient g-C3N4 supported ruthenium catalysts for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to liquid fuel γ-valerolactone

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  • Cai, Bo
  • Zhang, Yongjian
  • Feng, Junfeng
  • Huang, Cong
  • Ma, Tianyi
  • Pan, Hui

Abstract

Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is a versatile building block compound with wide applications and it can be obtained from biomass-derived chemical levulinic acid (LA). In this study, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were prepared from two different precursors (urea and melamine) and used as the support to anchor ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticle (Ru/g-C3N4) for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of LA to GVL. The resulting catalyst prepared from urea precursor (Ru/UCN) showed 100% LA conversion and nearly theoretic GVL yield of 99.8% under mild condition. Detailed characterizations of the Ru/g-C3N4 suggested that Ru showed different interactions with the g-C3N4 supports from two different precursors. Ru nanoparticles exhibited smaller size and better dispersion on the g-C3N4 support from urea (UCN) than that from melamine (MCN). The XPS result indicated that more electron rich Ru0 species on the Ru/UCN catalyst also contributed to the higher catalytic activity of the Ru/UCN. Furthermore, the Ru/UCN catalyst was demonstrated high stability in acidic reaction medium and remained highly reactive after recycled for 5 times.

Suggested Citation

  • Cai, Bo & Zhang, Yongjian & Feng, Junfeng & Huang, Cong & Ma, Tianyi & Pan, Hui, 2021. "Highly efficient g-C3N4 supported ruthenium catalysts for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to liquid fuel γ-valerolactone," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 652-662.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:177:y:2021:i:c:p:652-662
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.159
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cao, Xincheng & Long, Feng & Zhai, Qiaolong & Liu, Peng & Xu, Junming & Jiang, Jianchun, 2020. "Enhancement of fatty acids hydrodeoxygenation selectivity to diesel-range alkanes over the supported Ni-MoOx catalyst and elucidation of the active phase," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 2113-2125.
    2. Wei Liu & Wenqin You & Wei Sun & Weisheng Yang & Akshay Korde & Yutao Gong & Yulin Deng, 2020. "Ambient-pressure and low-temperature upgrading of lignin bio-oil to hydrocarbons using a hydrogen buffer catalytic system," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 5(10), pages 759-767, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cai, Bo & Kang, Rui & Guo, Dayi & Feng, Junfeng & Ma, Tianyi & Pan, Hui, 2022. "An eco-friendly acidic catalyst phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride for efficient conversion of fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1629-1638.
    2. Anagnostopoulou, Eleni & Lilas, Panagiotis & Diamantopoulou, Perikleia & Fakas, Christos & Krithinakis, Ioannis & Patatsi, Eleni & Gabrielatou, Elpida & van Muyden, Antoine P. & Dyson, Paul J. & Papad, 2022. "Hydrogenation of the pivotal biorefinery platform molecule levulinic acid into renewable fuel γ-valerolactone catalyzed by unprecedented highly active and stable ruthenium nanoparticles in aqueous med," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 35-45.

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