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An investigation of the impact of wind speed and turbulence on small wind turbine operation and fatigue loads

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  • KC, Anup
  • Whale, Jonathan
  • Evans, Samuel P.
  • Clausen, Philip D.

Abstract

This paper investigates the operation and loading of a 5 kW HAWT using the aeroelastic code FAST. Wind data from built environment site at Port Kennedy (PK) and from a flat terrain site in Östergarnsholm (OG), are analysed and compared with IEC 61400-2. The longitudinal turbulence intensity (TIu) in the PK wind field was 22%; which was higher than the estimated value in IEC 61400-2 Normal Turbulence Model. The TI in the flat terrain (OG) was below 18% for all mean wind speeds. The selected wind conditions from the two locations were used as input in FAST simulation to investigate the performance and loading of the turbine. The elevated turbulence in PK wind fields increased the output rotor power which was more than that predicted by the standard. Similarly, PK wind field also showed higher blade root flapwise bending moment resulting into twice as much damage load on the turbine blades due to large short-term fluctuations in both wind speed and direction. This value for OG was below the standard's prediction. We observe that the current IEC standard seems inadequate for urban siting of SWTs and requires modification for more reliable deployment in turbulent sites.

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  • KC, Anup & Whale, Jonathan & Evans, Samuel P. & Clausen, Philip D., 2020. "An investigation of the impact of wind speed and turbulence on small wind turbine operation and fatigue loads," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 87-98.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:87-98
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.124
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. KC, Anup & Whale, Jonathan & Urmee, Tania, 2019. "Urban wind conditions and small wind turbines in the built environment: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 268-283.
    2. Evans, S.P. & Bradney, D.R. & Clausen, P.D., 2018. "Assessing the IEC simplified fatigue load equations for small wind turbine blades: How simple is too simple?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 24-31.
    3. Tabrizi, Amir Bashirzadeh & Whale, Jonathan & Lyons, Thomas & Urmee, Tania, 2015. "Rooftop wind monitoring campaigns for small wind turbine applications: Effect of sampling rate and averaging period," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 320-330.
    4. Lubitz, William David, 2014. "Impact of ambient turbulence on performance of a small wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 69-73.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Liao, Ding & Zhu, Shun-Peng & Correia, José A.F.O. & De Jesus, Abílio M.P. & Veljkovic, Milan & Berto, Filippo, 2022. "Fatigue reliability of wind turbines: historical perspectives, recent developments and future prospects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 724-742.
    3. N. Aravindhan & M. P. Natarajan & S. Ponnuvel & P.K. Devan, 2023. "Recent developments and issues of small-scale wind turbines in urban residential buildings- A review," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(4), pages 1142-1169, June.
    4. Matteo Vedovelli & Abdelgalil Eltayesh & Francesco Natili & Francesco Castellani, 2022. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Blades Number on the Dynamic Response of a Small Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-19, December.
    5. KC, Anup & Whale, Jonathan & Peinke, Joachim, 2021. "An investigation of the impact of turbulence intermittency on the rotor loads of a small wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 582-597.
    6. José Luis Torres-Madroñero & Joham Alvarez-Montoya & Daniel Restrepo-Montoya & Jorge Mario Tamayo-Avendaño & César Nieto-Londoño & Julián Sierra-Pérez, 2020. "Technological and Operational Aspects That Limit Small Wind Turbines Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-39, November.
    7. Škvorc, Petar & Kozmar, Hrvoje, 2021. "Wind energy harnessing on tall buildings in urban environments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    8. Croonenbroeck, Carsten & Hennecke, David, 2020. "Does the German renewable energy act provide a fair incentive system for onshore wind power? — A simulation analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

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