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Box-Behnken optimization of glycerol transesterification reaction to glycerol carbonate over calcined oil palm fuel ash derived catalyst

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  • Okoye, Patrick U.
  • Wang, Song
  • Khanday, Waheed Ahmad
  • Li, Sanxi
  • Tang, Tao
  • Zhang, Linnan

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize the synthesis of valuable glycerol carbonate (GC) over calcined oil pam fuel ash derived catalyst. A surface response methodology optimization study was conducted using the Box-Behnken optimization tool to minimize the reaction parameters and optimize GC yield and glycerol conversion. Also, the effect of intraparticle and external mass transfer resistance was conducted and the intrinsic kinetic model of the transesterification reaction was established. Overall, the transesterification temperature had significant effects on the variables of GC yield and glycerol conversion, while the catalyst loading and reaction time trivially affected the response parameters. Under optimized parameters of 80 °C reaction temperature, dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/glycerol molar ratio of 5, 5 wt% catalyst loading and 112 min reaction time, GC reached 95% with a desirability of 1. Theoretical elucidation indicates that transesterification reaction over the catalyst was unaffected by external mass transfer resistance and intraparticle diffusion above 125 μm particle size. The catalyst is heterogeneous and can be reused for five times while sustaining about 81.3% of GC yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Okoye, Patrick U. & Wang, Song & Khanday, Waheed Ahmad & Li, Sanxi & Tang, Tao & Zhang, Linnan, 2020. "Box-Behnken optimization of glycerol transesterification reaction to glycerol carbonate over calcined oil palm fuel ash derived catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2676-2687.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:2676-2687
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.072
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Okoye, P.U. & Abdullah, A.Z. & Hameed, B.H., 2017. "A review on recent developments and progress in the kinetics and deactivation of catalytic acetylation of glycerol—A byproduct of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 387-401.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mujtaba, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Gul, M. & Farooq, M. & Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Ahmed, Waqar & Harith, M.H. & Yusoff, M.N.A.M., 2020. "Ultrasound-assisted process optimization and tribological characteristics of biodiesel from palm-sesame oil via response surface methodology and extreme learning machine - Cuckoo search," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 202-214.

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