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Effect of different co-solvents on biodiesel production from various low-cost feedstocks using Sr–Al double oxides

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  • Ambat, Indu
  • Srivastava, Varsha
  • Iftekhar, Sidra
  • Haapaniemi, Esa
  • Sillanpää, Mika

Abstract

The main objective of the present paper comprises the investigation of biodiesel production from low-cost feedstock such as lard oil and waste cooking oil (WCO) using Sr–Al double oxides. Nanocatalyst was characterised FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and XPS. The Sr:Al with 3:1 M ratio showed the best catalytic activity in the conversion of both oils to fatty acid methyl ester. The effect of acetone and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a co-solvent for transesterification were compared and the best result was obtained with 5% THF. The mutual effect of the nanocatalyst and co-solvent on biodiesel production was investigated. The characterisation of biodiesel synthesised from lard oil and WCO was performed with GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR. Moreover, the optimum reaction parameters for transesterification reaction was analysed and the yield was determined by 1H NMR. The maximum yield of 99.7% and 99.4% of lard oil methyl ester and WCO biodiesel were observed with a 0.9 wt% catalyst amount, 1:5.5 oil to methanol ratio in a reaction time of 45 min at 50 °C and 60 °C, respectively. The properties of biodiesel from lard oil and WCO were determined by the EN 14214 method. The regeneration, characterisation and reusability of regenerated catalyst was observed.

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  • Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Iftekhar, Sidra & Haapaniemi, Esa & Sillanpää, Mika, 2020. "Effect of different co-solvents on biodiesel production from various low-cost feedstocks using Sr–Al double oxides," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2158-2169.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:2158-2169
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Haapaniemi, Esa & Sillanpää, Mika, 2019. "Nano-magnetic potassium impregnated ceria as catalyst for the biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1428-1436.
    2. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Sillanpää, Mika, 2018. "Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 356-369.
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